Fram

The Fram (Norwegian for forward; pronunciation with a short a) is a 1892 built ship, used the Norwegian polar explorer in the years 1893-1912. The Fram was built to be able to drift in the ice without damage under the enormous pressure of the ice. At the same time the ship was so well insulated that it can be termed as the first zero-energy ship (such as a zero-energy house ).

The initiative for the construction came from Fridtjof Nansen; he gave Colin Archer, the renowned Norwegian ship designer from Larvik, 1890 the contract to build the Fram.

No timber ship sailed ever - neither in the south nor in the north - at higher latitudes than the Fram. The Fram was until 1914 for expeditions on the road and in 1935 landed. The ship is today exhibited with the superstructure of 1902, in Frammuseum in Oslo.

Construction

The Fram had a displacement of 800 tons and an unusual triangular - rounded fuselage cross-section. The outer wall was about 50 cm thick and reinforced with diagonal braces on the inside. The construction was designed so that the ship was raised from the ice pressure and therefore could not be crushed. This idea was later adopted in the construction of the German research vessel Gauss, with Erich von Drygalski 1901 to 1903 the first German South Polar Expedition conducted. This form should but have also contributed to poor stability in water, which should have made the unbearable sailing in rough seas.

Many ideas for the design of the ship went back to Nansen: It had no keel; the rudder and propeller were retractable. These provisions are designed to protect against the ice.

The Fram was rigged as a three-masted schooner and fitted with a triple expansion steam engine. For Amundsen's South Pole expedition in 1910, she received the first ship in the world a diesel engine.

Hull and drive:

Hull model of the Fram ( Colin Archer )

Technical drawing of the steam engine

Technical drawing of the boiler

Marine diesel engine (replacement of the steam engine, 1910)

Steering gear:

Steering gear

Steering gear

Steering gear

Expeditions

The Fram was used in several well-known expeditions:

Conversions

Over time, the Fram was modified several times by their users. In Frammuseum in Oslo, the different versions are shown as models ( forecourse and staysail were not - as shown in Model 4 - set simultaneously ).

Models by Colin Archer:

Model of the design of the Fram

Model of the Fram 1893-1896 ( Fridtjof Nansen )

Model of the Fram 1898-1902 ( Otto Sverdrup )

Model of the Fram 1910-1912 ( Roald Amundsen )

Frammuseum

The Fram was 1912-1920, not, however, maintained in a dock, was and began to fall apart. On the initiative of Lars Christensen, Otto Sverdrup and Oscar Wisting the Fram has been restored since the 1920s. In 1935 the ship in purpose built Frammuseum on Bygdøy (Oslo ) was issued covered. Visitors can visit the provided with an original design ship. The museum also the three voyages of the Fram Polar pictured; also there is an extensive exhibition on the Arctic and Antarctic regions. As the museum has no heating or air conditioning is particularly recommended warm clothes in winter.

Names after the Fram

  • Fram Rupes on Mercury
  • Fram crater, a small crater on Mars that was discovered by the spacecraft Opportunity 2004.
  • Frambecken, a deep-sea basins in the Arctic Ocean
  • Fram Strait, a sea between Spitzbergen and Greenland ( between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean ).
  • Fram, the regatta yachts sailing enthusiastic Norwegian royal family
  • Fram, a post - and cruise ship in the Hurtigruten
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