Francis Greenway

Francis Howard Greenway (born 20 December 1777 in Mangotsfield Bristol, † September 25, 1837 in Newcastle ) was a major architect of the early colonial period in New South Wales in Australia. He was an English convict who was on trial for false accounting and fraudulent bankruptcy in 1809 and was sentenced to death in 1812. Later his sentence was mitigated to many years of work in the penal colony in Australia. Francis Greenway in 1966 mapped to an Australian 10 dollar note and is thus probably the only bankrupt and convict who was imaged on a dollar bill.

Greenway designed numerous public buildings, residential and religious buildings and monuments. From him 49 buildings in downtown Sydney are known. He therefore considered the most important historical architect of this city.

Life

Greenway was the son of Francis and Ann Greenway, nee Webb. The families of the Greenways were stonemasons, bricklayers and architects. Francis Greenway worked as an architect in Bristol and Bath. From his buildings is only the Clifton Club in Bristol, formerly the remained Clifton Hotel is obtained. After Greenways condemnation sat Arthur Phillip, the first governor of New South Wales, who had sat down in Bath to rest, once and for him. He wrote the Acting Governor Lachlan Macquarie on with the request to work for him.

Francis Greenway arrived in February 1814 on the ship General Hewitt in Sydney. His wife, Mary, whom he had married in 1804, followed him with three children in July 1814. Macquarie Greenway met in July 1814 and charged him with the designs for the Town Hall (Rathaus) and for a court building in Sydney. 1815 Greenway should make on behalf of Macquarie an expertise about the under construction Rum Hospital, which was heavily criticized in Sydney. He described in this report technical and design errors of this building, which could be partially repaired in 1820 and 1826. Thus he earned the trust of Macquarie. Between 1816 and 1818, while still a convict, Greenway designed and built the Macquarie Lighthouse on South Head at the entrance of the port of Port Jackson in Sydney. After this successful work Macquarie appointed him in recognition of his service to the architects of the colonial government.

Even as a convict built the Greenway Female Manufacture, a big factory in Parramatta for women, and a great accommodation for male convicts at Queen 's Square, Sydney. Macquarie consecrated these buildings into a grand celebration on 20 May 1819 and took advantage of this opportunity to explain Greenway on the free man. Greenway initially built in the Georgian style, which is characterized by clear geometric outline of the building, and later in Neo-Gothic style, such as the Government House in Sydney. He designed the Hyde Park Barracks (1817-1819), St Luke's, Liverpool (1817-1824), St James's, Sydney (1819-1822), St Matthew's, Windsor ( 1819-1822 ). Built by Greenway St Matthew 's Church, Windsor is regarded as his masterpiece. The last joint construction project of Macquarie and Greenway was the 1822 -built Windsor Court House (Windsor Court ).

Francis Greenway had become an important person in the colony, made by his self-confidence that bordered on arrogance, many enemies and also fell out of favor at Macquarie. Shortly after Macquarie had resigned on February 12, 1822, Greenway was released on 15 November 1822 by Governor Thomas Brisbane. Greenway Brisbane had placed a large amount of money for his work as an architect in account that this beglich only partially. Subsequently, he had little success in his profession, he built only in 1828, some private villas and lived in the country in the lower Hunter Valley in Raymond Terrace, which had been appropriated to him the colonial government. His wife, with whom he had six children, died in 1832.

Greenway died at the age of 59 years in Newcastle and was buried on September 25, 1837 in the cemetery of East Maitland. His grave location is no longer known today.

Honors

Greenway is shown on the Australian 10 dollar note, circulated from 1966 to 1993. It is thus probably the only balance forger and convict who was depicted on a government payment. In his name, a constituency, a suburb of Canberra and a university in Beresfield, New South Wales is the Division of Greenway back. The Francis Greenway Drive in Cherry Brook was named in his honor.

In the present in Sydney Parliament House of New South Wales there is a greenway area.

Structures

The subsequent work of Greenway in New South Wales are listed on the Australian heritage conservation.

  • Macquarie Lighthouse, Watsons Bay
  • Windsor Court House
  • Government House, Sydney (partly designed by Greenway )
  • St Matthew's, Windsor
  • Supreme Court, Sydney
  • Judge's House, Sydney ( with the help of W. Harper )
  • St James's, Sydney
  • Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney
  • Obelisk, Macquarie Place ( 1818)
  • St Luke's, Liverpool
  • Conservatorium of Music, Sydney (1821 built as Government Stables )
  • Liverpool College (formerly Liverpool Hospital)
  • Government House, Parramatta ( only the wooden portico )
  • Hobartville, Richmond ( uncertain)
  • Cleveland House, Surry Hills ( uncertain)
  • Cadman's Cottage ( draft probably Greenway )

St Lukes, Liverpool

Macquarie Lighthouse, Watsons Bay

St Matthews

Hyde Park Barracks

Cadman's Cottage, Circular Quay (1816 )

Government House, Sydney

Old Government House, Parramatta

November 20 Newcastle (New South Wales) Windsor (New South Wales) Parliament House (Sydney) Cadmans Cottage
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