Frans Michel Penning

Frans Michel Penning (born 12 September 1894 in Gorinchem, † December 6, 1953 in Utrecht ) was a Dutch physicist.

Are named after him

  • The Penning trap - a device for the storage of charged particles
  • The Penning ionization - an ionization process by the transfer of excitation energy in particle collisions
  • The Penning mixture - a special gas mixture for fluorescent tubes
  • The Penning vacuum gauge - a high vacuum pressure gauge
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