Franz S. Exner
Franz Serafin Exner - ( born March 24, 1849 in Vienna, † November 15, 1926 ) was an Austrian physicist.
Life
Franz Serafin Exner - came one of the leading academics families of the Habsburg monarchy. He was by Adolf Exner, Karl Exner, Sigmund Exner and Marie von Frisch born Exner, the youngest of five children of Franz Serafin Exner parents and Dusensy Charlotte ( 1814-1859 ). His father Franz Serafin was from 1831 to 1848 professor of philosophy in Prague and since 1848 Ministerial Counsellor in the Ministry of Education in Vienna and influential reformer of the Austrian education and university system, which influenced the Austrian education policy sustainable.
The son began in 1867 to study physics at the University of Vienna and received his doctorate for a year of study in Zurich under August Kundt, in which he also collaborated with Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, in 1871 in Vienna as PhD. Undoubtedly the greatest influence on his education came from Viktor von Lang, 1866 appointed to the University of Vienna Professor of Physics, who furthered his development considerably.
In 1872 he became an assistant at the newly founded University of Strasbourg in Kundt, 1873 returned back to Vienna "On the diffusion through liquid lamellae " habilitate a year later with a thesis. After that, he was assistant to Viktor von Lang in Vienna and honorary lecturer at the University of Agricultural Sciences. 1879 he was appointed Associate Professor and in 1891 full professor of Chemical Physics Institute, 1902 renamed " Second Physical Institute ," as the successor of Johann Josef Loschmidt, who as a friend of the Exner family after the early death of his parents to the " Exner children " had taken care of as Exner in 1908 appointed Rector of the Vienna University, he stood on the peak of his scientific activities,. , he was within a generation to ". become the center of the Austrian physics " in 1920, he retired.
In his later years he worked in an unpublished work " From Chaos to present" with philosophical- cultural and historical aspects of a cultural and scientific progress of humanity in the former field of tension between Oswald Spengler's theories on the " Decline of the West"
Importance
Franz Serafin Exner is described by his students as a versatile, highly educated and cultured physicist with strong visions. He was a pioneer in many areas of modern physics. Him it is thanks in large part, that in Austria at an early stage with the emerging issues of radioactivity, spectroscopy, electrochemistry ( electrochemical element ), the electricity in the atmosphere and the color theory dealt.
Among his most famous students were Marian Smoluchowski, a Viennese Polish descent who discovered independently by Albert Einstein and Friedrich Hasenohrl a theory of Brownian motion, Victor Hess, whose attention to the exciting and vast subject of atmospheric electricity and the associated radioactivity of Franz Exner, together with Egon Schweidler, a pioneer in the study of atmospheric electricity, had been aroused and with his discovery of " cosmic rays " later received the Nobel Prize, and the Nobel laureate Erwin Schrödinger, who began with Prof. Exner in 1911, where he worked in the following years worked as a temporary assistant and in 1914 with " studies on kinetics of dielectrics, the melting point, pyro-and piezoelectricity " habilitated and finally Stefan Meyer, who was the first director of the Exner -founded the "Institute for Radium Research " was.
In the decades 1920 and 1930 most of the physical chairs were occupied by students of Exner: Joseph Thuma, Brno, later professor in Prague, Anton Lampa, Prague, Hans Benndorf, Graz, Marian Smoluchowski from Chernivtsi, Krakow, Stefan Meyer, Vienna, Egon Schweidler, Innsbruck, Vienna, Eduard Haschek, Associate Professor Vienna, Friedrich Hasenohrl, Vienna, Arthur Szarvassi, Brno, Heinrich Mache, Vienna, Viktor Conrad, Brno, later USA, Felix Maria von Exner - Ewarten, Vienna, Friedrich von Lerch, Innsbruck Karl Przibram, Vienna, Felix Ehrenhaft, Vienna, Erwin Lohr, Brno, Wilhelm Schmidt, Vienna, Franz Aigner, Vienna, Victor Hess, Graz, Innsbruck, New York, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Kohlrausch, Graz, Ludwig Flamm, Vienna, Erwin Schrödinger, Jena, Leipzig, Zurich, Berlin, Graz, Dublin, Vienna, Hans Thirring, Vienna.
Writings (selection )
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, -: On the application of a Eiskalorimeters for determining the intensity of solar radiation. In: Proceedings of the Mathematics and Natural Sciences class of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Band 69.1874, p 228, OBV.
- Lectures on electricity. Deuticke, Leipzig / Wien 1888, OBV.
- - Sigmund Exner: The physical basis of flower colors. In: Proceedings of the mathematics and science class of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Volume 119 / I. K.k. Court and State Printing House, Vienna 1910, pp. 191-245, Austrian National Library.
- Lectures on the physical principles of the natural sciences. Deuticke, Vienna 1919, OBV. (95 fully worked Physics lectures, including 22 over the airwaves of physics ).
- From Chaos to present. A cultural-historical study. ( Printed as manuscript ). Self Publishing, Vienna 1923, OBV.