Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg

Frederick I of Brandenburg (* September 21, 1371 in Nuremberg, † September 20, 1440 on the Cadolzburg near Nuremberg ) was the first Elector of Brandenburg ( 1415-1440 ) from the House of Hohenzollern. He was as Frederick VI. Nuremberg first Burggraf of Nuremberg (1397-1420), after the division of the inheritance from his father, Margrave of Brandenburg- Ansbach (1398-1440) and by the death of his brother Johann also Margrave of Brandenburg- Kulmbach ( 1420-1440 ).

Life

Frederick was the son of Viscount Frederick V of Nuremberg (1333-1398) and Elisabeth of Meissen ( 1329-1375 ). Friedrich occurred early in Austrian service and fought alongside the Hungarian and later Roman-German King Sigismund page. 1396, still during the lifetime of the father of Frederick V., took Frederick and his older brother John participated in a campaign against the Turks, who failed on the right bank of the Danube, near the city of Nicopolis in present-day Bulgaria. Both brothers escaped just yet. Johann was able to save the King of Hungary prior to capture on this occasion. Margaret, wife of John, was the sister of King Sigismund. After his return he shared with his brother John in the sense of Dispositio Fridericiana father's footsteps. In the Hohenzollern no birthright was implemented. The property should be no more than two parts. Moreover, it was determined the first ten years of the reign exercising together. Johann was Kulmbach, Friedrich Ansbach. First, he tried to convey from the Palatinate in the kingdom of confusion between King Wenceslaus of Bohemia and the party of Rupert, struck in September 1399, however, the Ruprecht page.

But he admitted his leadership in Ansbach in 1409 after serious feuds and stepped into the king Sigismund of Hungary services. When the German king Rupert died, Jobst of Moravia possessed the throne of Brandenburg and thus Brandenburg electoral vote. But Sigismund job Tens denied entitlement and named Friedrich as a representative of the Brandenburg electoral vote. Thus, Frederick participated in the September 20, 1410 participate in the election in Frankfurt am Main, where his brother Sigismund with three votes won the election as German king. In October 1410, however, Jobst maintained its electoral vote and won with four of the seven course joining in a second election to the German throne. As Jobst but in January 1411, died under mysterious circumstances, Sigismund could demand the return of Brandenburg and his electoral vote and secure his election as German king. In gratitude for the service of King Frederick Sigismund made ​​him a supreme captain and in 1411 as the manager of the brands. With an iron fist Frederick fought against the rebellious nobles of Brandenburg, in particular the Quitzows and Putlitzstrasse, and was finally able to restore security. 1415 he joined the anti- Louis VII of Bavaria -Ingolstadt Parakeet Society, whose member he remained even after the conversion into the League of Constance. 1415 he occupied the canton of Thurgau as a completed Reichslehen after Duke Frederick of Austria had fallen into the imperial ban.

At the Council of Constance King Sigismund gave him on 30 April 1415 hereditary dignity of Margrave and Elector. On October 21, 1415 it paid homage to the Brandenburg stands on a parliament in Berlin. The formal investiture of the Electorate and the awarding of the dignity of the king Erzkämmerers took place on 18 April 1417th In turn, the well-funded Frederick the king granted another loan.

Friedrich did not agree with the violence of Sigismund against the Hussites, the relationship cooled off. He was one of the driving forces of the opposition of the electors, who joined forces in 1424 in Binger Kurverein. But the constant feuds and frictions in the Mark Brandenburg to Friedrich translated so that he retired in 1425 on his Cadolzburg and the reign of his son, John transferred to the alchemists of the cord; but he himself stayed elector. Frederick resided a few years in the market and held by 1426 not a single time there on. Since 1427 he organized the imperial war against the Hussites, and worked at the Council of Basel on November 30, 1433 essential in the mediation by the Prague compacts.

On June 27, 1427 sold Friedrich, his wife and their sons Nuremberg Castle to the Council and thus the city of Nuremberg. Since 1437 he lived in retirement on the situated west of Nuremberg Cadolzburg and died there on 20 September 1440th

Progeny

Friedrich married on September 18, 1401 Elisabeth ( 1383-1442 ), daughter of Duke Frederick of Bavaria- Landshut:

  • Elisabeth (1403-1449)
  • Johann the Alchemist (1406-1464), waived the Erstgeborenenrechte 1437, Margrave of Kulmbach -Bayreuth
  • Cecilia (1405-1449)
  • Margaret (1410-1465)
  • Magdalena (1412-1454)
  • Frederick II Iron Teeth (1413-1471), Elector of Brandenburg
  • Albrecht III. Achilles (1414-1486), Elector of Brandenburg
  • Sophie (1416-1417)
  • Dorothea (1420-1491)
  • Friedrich called the Younger (1424-1463), also of fats, Lord of Altmark in 1447

Monuments

For the Berlin Victory Boulevard designed Ludwig Manzel the monument group 15 with a statue of Frederick in the center, flanked by the side figures ( busts ) by Johann Graf von Hohenlohe (left) and Governor of Wend Ileburg. The unveiling of the group took place on 28 August 1900. A bronze casting of the main character ( Frederick I ) is located today as a monument to the castle Tangermünde.

In the Kaiser Wilhelm monument of the city Wülfrath in North Rhine -Westphalia, the helmet of Frederick at him remembered as the first electors of the House of Hohenzollern.

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