Free City of Kraków
The Republic of Cracow ( Polish Rzeczpospolita Krakowska ) or Free City of Kraków (Polish Wolne Miasto Kraków) was a space created by the 1815 Congress of Vienna city-state that existed until 1846 under the joint protectorate of its neighbors Russia, Prussia and Austria ( Kondominat ).
History
These three States were divided into the partitions of Poland 1772-1795, the former Polish-Lithuanian Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under itself. Napoleon founded in 1807 after the defeat of Prussia, the Duchy of Warsaw, which was after the Congress of Vienna Congress Poland.
The Free City of Krakow was officially established by the Treaty of Austria, Prussia and Russia on May 3, 1815. It consisted of the city of Krakow and its surroundings, and had a predominantly Polish population of 88,000 inhabitants. Their size was 1164 km ². The Treaty of 1815 Krakow was also a constitution. The selected according to census suffrage Representative Assembly then took the true task of the legislature, while that of a president -led and composed of twelve members Ruling Senate represented the executive. The judiciary consisted of a Court of First Instance and a Court of Appeal. The legal system is based on Napoleon's Civil Code as well as on French commercial and criminal law. Court proceedings were public, in criminal proceedings had on the French model jury in making decisions with. Official language was Polish. In 1836, new measures were introduced by edict (see also Ancient weights and measures (Poland ) ).
The republic was a duty free zone with trade relations to Russia, Prussia and Austria. The Jagiellonian University had to be able to take the privilege of students from all three countries.
During the November Uprising 1830-1831 Krakow was a stronghold of weapons smuggling into the reign of Tsar Congress Poland. After defeating the rebels, the autonomy of the Free City was limited. So took the election of the President of the Senate since 1833 the approval of the three protecting powers, at the same time, the Krakow police Austrian leadership was assumed. 1836-41 Cracow was occupied by Austrian, Russian and Prussian troops. The Senate was subjected to the instructions of the three powers, the independent jurisdiction of the city largely abolished in political affairs. After the unsuccessful Kraków Uprising it was annexed in 1846 Krakow on November 16, 1846 by Austria and the Grand Duchy of Kraków.