Free State of Coburg

The Free State of Coburg was built after the First World War from the Duchy of Saxe -Coburg. It existed from November 1918 until its union with the Free State of Bavaria on 1 July 1920.

History

With the resignation of the Duke Carl Eduard on November 14, 1918 went out in the wake of the November Revolution, the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and it emerged from the two parts of the country ( Duchy of Saxe -Gotha and the Duchy of Saxe -Coburg ) the free states of Gotha and Coburg. Both states had already in the monarchy their own diets and independent ministerial. On February 9, 1919, the election of the eleven members of the Coburg State Assembly followed. The List I of the SPD received 58.6 percent, the Civil List II (Liberal, German National, Coburg Bauernverein ) 41.4 percent, resulting in a distribution of seats of 7 to 4. President of the State Assembly was the Social Democrat Erhard Kirchner. The state Assembly passed on 10 March 1919, the Provisional Law on the legislation and administration in the Free State of Coburg, Coburg, the provisional constitution. The three-member Council of State Government consisted of Hermann Quarck ( nationally liberal, previously head of the Coburg ministerial department ) as the Chairman and the two SPD deputies Franz Klingler and Reinhold Artmann. With the signing of the State Treaty on managing the common affairs of the Free States Coburg and Gotha on 12 April 1919, the separation of the two former parts of the country was finally completed.

On June 7, 1919 settlement agreement over its ownership and assets was concluded with the Duke Carl Eduard. For the entire Domänengut, consisting of approximately 4500 acres of forests, numerous buildings and single- land, as well as the art treasures of the Citadel and the courtyard garden museum, the library, the theater, castle and estate Rosenau, the Veste Coburg castle Ehrenburg and the State Archives of the Duke received a compensation in the amount of 1.5 million marks. The art treasures of the Citadel, the collections of the museum's courtyard and the furnishings of the castle Ehrenburg were the property of the Coburg State Foundation, the rest remained in the Free State. Castle, Castle Park and Good Call Mountain and Castle Eichhof and Schweizerei Rosenau with a total area of 533 hectares remained the property of the Duke.

The National Liberal Quarck held according to the Constitution of 10 March 1919, the senior position in government and administration. He was in personal union Chairman of the State Government and Head of the Department of State. After the Socialist Group, which had a majority in the State Assembly, Reinhold Artmann for Coburg government representatives in the Council of State of Thuringia (Board of Directors for law enforcement ) appointed, Quarck occurred on 2 July 1919 by his posts back. It was followed on July 11, 1919 a constitutional amendment that abolished the personal union of government and administration tip. The chair of the government took Franz Klingler and the deputy Hans Schack (DDP) was a new member of the provincial government. The leadership of the Ministry took over the administrative lawyer Ernst Fritsch, under the official title Secretary.

Since the political leaders did not consider the new Free State as economically viable, they sought connection to another country. It was assumed, therefore, in March and May 1919, the conferences with the other Thuringian States to form the new state of Thuringia in part, however, did not agree to the community agreement of May. Parallel to this official negotiations started later because of the connection with Bavaria and one month of Prussia from mid-June. However, Prussia was saying in August from a merger of the States. Bavaria was receptive to the port and was able to make many concessions as opposed to only be forming the state of Thuringia, in particular regarding the receipt of cultural institutions of Coburg.

On November 30, 1919 finally followed the first democratic referendum in Germany on the whereabouts of the country Coburg. In about 70 % turnout with 88 % of the population voted to the question "Do you want to join the Coburg Community Treaty of the Thuringian States? " With a No on the ballot and thus for connection to Bavaria. The reasons for this clear result were manifold: on the one hand, the population has always seen more strongly associated with CHF than with Thuringia, on the other hand, influenced by the fact that had to be paid during the First World War food to Thuringia, as well as a significantly stronger responsiveness of Bavaria opinions.

With a treaty of association of Coburg was regulated with Bayern on 14 February 1920. This Coburg received inventory guarantees for the State Foundation, the agricultural and forestry trade association, the Chamber of Commerce, the Department of the Chamber of Crafts newly constructed chamber of trade, the country hospital and the State Theatre. In addition, Coburg got as compensation for the loss of the State Ministry 's commitment for a new regional court. The Free State of Bavaria thus committing itself to carry a maximum of 40 % of the deficit of the State Theatre and 75 % of the country hospital.

Thus, the Free State Coburg united on July 1, 1920, the Free State of Bavaria, which almost 600 years government autonomy Coburg ended. According to the State Treaty, the Free State Coburg was the county (now administrative district) of Upper Franconia affiliated. The Office Königsberg with Königsberg as well as the communities Altershausen, Dörflis, Erlsdorf, slipways, Kotte Brunn and Nassach was the district (now county ) assigned Hofheim in the district of Lower Franconia.

The referendum of 1919, part of Bavaria in 1945 showed unexpected consequences. The territory of the former Free State of Coburg was part of the American occupation zone, while the Thuringian countryside to the Soviet occupation zone and belonged to 1989, cut off by the zone boundary or from 1949 inner German border of Coburg remained.

Policy

State Government

March 10, 1919 to July 1, 1920

  • Reinhold Artmann (SPD )
  • Franz Klingler (SPD )
  • Hermann Quarck ( nationally liberal ) until July 8, 1919
  • Hans Schack (DDP ), from July 11, 1919

Deputies of the State Assembly

Social Democratic Party of Germany:

  • Reinhold Artmann (* 1870, † 1960) from Coburg, carpenter
  • Erhard Kirchner ( * 1866, † 1927) from Neustadt bei Coburg, AOK CEO and president of the national assembly
  • Franz Klingler (* 1875, † 1933) from Coburg, Coburg editor of the People's Journal
  • Bernhard Lauer ( * 1867, † 1927) from Neustadt bei Coburg, AOK employee
  • Hermann Maempel (* 1866, † 1944) from Coburg, AOK administrative assistant
  • Johann Stegner (* 1866, † 1954) from Frohnlach, brewers and host
  • Carl Wendt ( * 1887, † 1936) from Unterrodach, machinist

Civil Unit list:

  • Max Oscar Arnold ( * 1854, † 1938) from Neustadt bei Coburg, dolls manufacturer
  • Hans Schack (* 1878, † 1946) from Coburg, District Court Judge
  • Ernst parison (* 1863, † 1938) from Coburg, Malzfabrikant
  • Gustav Hess ( * 1874, † 1940) from Neuses in Coburg, farmer

Cities and Towns

  • 4 Cities: Coburg ( the state capital ), Neustadt bei Coburg, Coburg Unterrodach, Königsberg in Franconia
  • 139 municipalities: Ahlstadt, maple, Aicha, Beiersdorf, Bertelsmann village, Beuerfeld, Bieberbach, Birkach am Forst, Birkig, Blumenrod, Boder village, width-, Brüx Buchenrod, call Mountain, Cortendorf, Creidlitz, Doerfles, Drossenhausen, Ebersdorf bei Coburg, Ebersdorf in Neustadt, Einberg, Elsa, Esbach, Fechheim, Fischbach, Fornbach, Friesendorf, Frohnlach, Fürth am Berg, Gauerstadt Gestungshausen, Goss mountain, Grattstadt, Großgarnstadt, Großheirath, Großwalbur, Grub am Forst, hair bridges, Haarth, Hassberg, Heldritt, Herbart village, Höhn, Yard at Steinach, Horb at the Steinach, Horb at Fürth am Berg, Kemmaten, Ketch Bach, Ketschendorf, Kipfendorf, Kleingarnstadt, Kleinwalbur, Koesfeld, Lempertshausen, people village, Lützelbuch, Moravia Hausen, Meeder, Meilschnitz, Meschenbach, Mirsdorf, Mittelberg, Central Wasungen, Mödlitz, Mönchröden, Moggenbrunn, Neida, Neukirchen, Neuses am Brand, Neuses at The Oaks, Neuses in Coburg, new and Neershof, Niederfuellbach, Oberfüllbach, Oberlauter, Obersiemau, Oberwasungen, Upper Wohlbach, Oeslau, Oettingshausen, Ottowind, Plesten, Rögen, Rohrbach, Rossach, Roßfeld, Roth am Forst, Rothenhof, Rottenbach, Rudelsdorf, Rüttmannsdorf, sheep farm, Scherneck Scheuerfeld, Schönstädt, Schweighof, Seidmann village, Sonnenfeld, Spittelstein, Steinach at the Steinach, Stöppach, Sulzdorf, Sülzfeld, Thann, deep Lauter, Tremersdorf, Trübenbach, sub Lauter, Untersiemau, sub Wasungen, sub Wohlbach, Waldsachsen, Walter village, Watzendorf, Weick Bach, Weidach, Weidhausen, Weimer village, Weischau, White Brunn am Forst, Weissenbrunn vorm Wald, Weitramsdorf Wellmersdorf, Wiesenfeld, Wildenheid, Wörlsdorf, Wohlbach, Desert maple, cedar village, Zeickhorn, Ziegeldorf

Exclave of Kaliningrad Office: Municipalities Altershausen, Dörflis, Erlsdorf, slipways, Köslau, Kotte Brunn and Nassach

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