Freiberg (district)

The district of Freiberg from 1994 to 2008, a district in the Free State of Saxony. Its territory is now part of the district of Central Saxony.

• 3.1 Economics
• 3.2 traffic

Geography

The county ranged from the Middle Saxon hill country to the north over a narrow strip of Erzgebirgsvorlands up to the heights of the eastern Ore Mountains. In the north, the A partially formed 4 the limit. To the east was formed including the Tharandter forest with its western edge, the ridge between Colmnitzbach, Sohrbach, Bobritzsch and Gimmlitz the border and to the west it was partly the valley of Zschopau and Floeha or its eastern heights. To the south of the county reached to the border between Germany and Czech Republic.

Neighboring districts were in the north of the district of Meißen, in the east of Weißeritzkreis, south of the Czech administration district Usti nad Labem ( Usti nad Labem Region ), in the southwest of the Middle Ore Mountains, to the west the district-free city of Chemnitz and northwest Mittweida.

The heights of the northern part gently undulating plateau but the southern part livelier landscape ranged from 227 m above sea level. NN ( Valley of the Freiberger Mulde at Siebenlehn as the lowest point) to 837 m above sea level. NN ( Kohlberg at Neuhausen im Erzgebirge as the highest point ).

The main waters were the Freiberger Mulde, the Zschopau, the Bobritzsch, the Large and Small Striegis that Striegis that Gimmlitz that Floeha, the dam and the dam Rauschenbach Lichtenberg. The rivers still mostly as upper reaches middle reaches, were cut with their tortuous and northwards pronounced notched and notched sole valleys in the surrounding terrain. Thus they made from time immemorial until the 19th century for the east-west running roads dar. serious obstacles had The circle in its southern part share in the Erzgebirge / Vogtland

Noteworthy were the seated on the old mining dumps veins, the trains between so-called neck bridge, Freiberg and fire -Erbisdorf. Artificial ponds and artificial ditches around Freiberg, Brand-Erbisdorf and Großhartmannsdorf presented with their trench and Rösch system, the water supply and disposal of ore mining for centuries safely, including the Rothschönberger Stolln, the Brander and Freiberg Mining on the Triebisch towards the Elbe dehydrated.

Circle Cross was at the beginning of the 21st century with the cities Nossen in the district of Meißen, in the district of Roßwein chubs, the new city Grossschirma, the cities of Freiberg and fire -Erbisdorf a zone of urbanization tend to emerge. This included approximately 75,000 inhabitants in 2004.

In the north of the circle was the land that adjoins the loess zone Lommatzscher care, covered by arable land, meadows and forests. The geo-ecological boundary between the hills and mountain land lay about on the line Seifersdorf - Großschirma - Sand - Oberschaar - Herrendorf - Landsberg in Tharandter Forest ( Weißeritzkreis ). On the stony plateaus grew predominantly spruce forest on the steep valley slopes predominantly deciduous forest. The further you came to south, all the more, the proportion of arable land from, it guaranteed snow dominated mountain meadows and in the far south near the winter, rough ridge lines was found closed spruce forest. The soils placed in the north of loess and loam, south facing more and more from residual soils together.

See also: List of landscapes in Saxony, List of waters in Saxony, List of mountains in Saxony and natural areas in Saxony

History

The oldest evidence of human activity was the pickaxe of Niederschöna, which must be included in the Mesolithic. Furthermore, were in High fir, Halsbach, Großschirma, Freiberg and Memmendorf stone implements or fragments of those found to be assigned to the Neolithic period. Discovered Axthämmer date from the Bronze Age and early Iron Age. Evidence of a permanent settlement of the area, however these were not, but it was assumed that these findings were due to expeditions, hiking and hunting.

In the 1st century, the area was probably part of the sphere of influence of Hermunduren, the 4th and 5th century to the Thuringian and Silings. Archaeological evidence from this period did not exist. A settlement began in the northern part or in suitable, not threatened by high water and / or swampy river valleys in the 6th to the 8th century by the West Slavic Daleminzier one who migrated mainly in the fertile loess areas to Lommatzsch and Meissen that the discussed area only touch. Place names such as Bobritzsch, Loßnitz, Grossschirma, Kleinschirma and Floeha could prove this. Until the beginning of the High Middle Ages to develop land in the late 11th and especially the 12th century the whole area with dense forest was passed, the most " Bohemian Forest " appears as " Bohemian Forest " or in the written sources.

A crucial role for the further history was the founding of the monastery at Altzella Nossen immediately north of the county boundary. Are busy in historical time, the so-called Via Francigena, which was created as part of the colonization of the East and throughout Saxony led from Franconia or Thuringia over the Elbe near Dresden in Upper Lusatia, Silesia and up to Krakow. In the 12th century the forest was, of Altzella starting, cleared, leading to the construction of forest hooves villages such as Weissenborn / Erzgeb., Led. There was not exactly localizable connections (see above ) from the Halle and Leipzig to Bohemia ( Prague), but the accidental discovery of native silver in 1168 at the then Christian village, a precursor settlement of Freiberg led. From this settlement, the so-called Sächsstadt and later Freiberg emerged.

The Hussiteneinfälle in the area around Freiberg and in the Ore Mountains in the year 1430 (1429 /30) are now being questioned. The Erzgebirgschronist Christian Lehmann (1611-1688) describes these events, inter alia, as follows: "In order Michaelis were the Hussites with a powerful reuberischen Hauffen one, verheereten the gantze area with murder, robbery and brandt companies and the consuming over the mountains. ... The villages, castles and stains that are on the passport have been ruined gäntzlich of them "And again ." In Zschopau and Scharfstein, people have salviret with their livestock and equipment, ( so that the Hussites ) can not do much harm, but they have what they encountered in unmarried towns and villages, all completely devastated. "Many people in our area had been" plundered and massacred, corrupted with fire and sword, and many villages were deserted and verlohren the acquisitions, dargegen the fields bewuchsen scrubby and with wood. "

Administrative history

Territorial precursor was the Amtshauptmannschaft Freiberg, which was renamed in district Freiberg 1938. In the GDR district reform in 1952 this district was reorganized and divided into the districts of Freiberg and fire -Erbisdorf.

On 1 August 1994, the first Saxon Administrative Reform were combined the circles of fire Erbisdorf and Floeha with the circle to the district Freiberg Freiberg in the frame. The following communities contributed to the formation of the county in Freiberg (cities in italics):

By municipality changes these 39 municipalities were reduced to 25 for the liquidation of the circle Freiberg:

The implementation of the district reform in Saxony took effect on August 1, 2008, a merger of the district Freiberg with the circles chub (13 municipalities) and Mittweida ( 23 municipalities ) to the district of Central Saxony with a total of 61 municipalities.

Economy and infrastructure

Economy

The district belonged to the euro region Erzgebirge / Krušnohoří and with its northern part of the metropolitan region of Saxony triangle. In the region dominated for over 800 years in Freiberg silver mining. Later, other ores such as lead, nickel, iron, copper and tin ores have been promoted and in Freiberg, Muldenhütten neck and bridge, where in addition to silver and gold, platinum and other precious metals were processed, smelted. This led in the 18th and 19th centuries to ecological problems, which culminated late 20th century, last but by modern cleaning method of flue gas and waste water and by the almost complete cessation of the industry after 1990 no longer mattered. Within a short time nature could regenerate itself. Since the earliest days of industrialization of the area, dating back to the end of the Middle Ages, with the introduction of early capitalist forms of production, a kind of clustering was observed. Mining and Metallurgy attracted to trading and the following trades and industries such as charcoal making, wood processing, textile and leather manufacturing, mechanical engineering and metal processing industry or water and went to each other close links have a. By no later than the 18th century came to him the hands-on science. So economically effective and profitable structures could be created in a relatively small space in times of economic recovery. Among other things, here was one of the sources to search for that Saxony could repeatedly assert in history as an economic power within Germany and Central Europe. In times of recession, however, that was linked for centuries with the development of the price of silver on the world market, alternatives had to be found. These were then, for example, working at home in the Upper Erzgebirge and in the agriculture and forestry.

The county has recently been characterized by high technologies such as solar technology and recycling of high-quality materials, the service sector and tourism, by him led the Silver Street and the German Avenues Route. In the north of the circle was the Fürstenstraße of Wettin and from north to south, the Old Salt Road through Central Saxony under construction. In Freiberg even approaches were added to an economic clusters by high technology and science. Agriculture and forestry play an only minor role. The western part of the county was economically closely connected to the metropolitan area of Chemnitz -Zwickau. From the 20th century there was an increasing trend with daily commuters in the metropolitan areas Dresden, Chemnitz -Zwickau and Leipzig-Halle.

Traffic

The circular area was opened up on the northern border of the Federal Highway 4 and the Nossen ( motorway A14 ) and affected by a motorway junction ( Siebenlehn ). From north to south the main road was about 101 Großschirma, Freiberg and fire -Erbisdorf, from west to east the main road about 173 Floeha, Oederan and Freiberg, crossing each other in the county seat. From East to West, the county area was cut by the federal highway 171 which was on the cities of Mrs. Stein and Sidon. There was a dense network of state highways and county and local roads.

The area of the district of Freiberg was integrated into the transport network means Saxony (VMS ) with common fare for rail and bus. Public transport was represented by the Freiberg and fire -Erbisdorf connecting city bus network ( 7 lines). Floeha also had a municipal bus network. Freiberg had the early 20th century a tramway. The traditionally very dense overland traffic was served by various bus companies.

The rail network was formerly very dense. Last ran through the circle only the Sachsen- Franken- Magistrale (Dresden - Freiberg Floeha - Chemnitz -Zwickau -Plauen -Nuremberg ), the routes Floeha - Annaberg, Floeha - Neuhausen and the Freiberger Mulde Valley Railway to Holzhau. About a railway connection ( standard gauge ) possessed besides fire -Erbisdorf formerly also Halsbrücke, Langenau Großhartmannsdorf, Großschirma, Siebenlehn and German Neudorf. Mrs. Stone, Sidon, and Bobritzsch Eppendorf once could be achieved with narrow gauge railways. A special kind of transport was the cable car Augustus castle from the wrong Zschopautal ( Erdmannsdorf ) into a hunting lodge Augustus castle.

In Langhennersdorf at Freiberg existed an airfield.

District administrators

• Eberhard Löffler
• Volker Uhlig (CDU )

Cities and Towns

( Population figures from December 31, 2006)

Cities

Management Communities

• Administration Community Floeha with the member communities Sokolov and Floeha
• Administration Community Freiberg with the member communities Freiberg and Hilbersdorf
• Community management light / Erzgeb. with the member municipalities light / Erzgeb. and Weissenborn / Erzgeb.
• Administration Community Oederan with the member communities Frankenstein and Oederan
• Administration Community Sidon with the member communities Dorfchemnitz and Sidon

Communities