Freyung-Grafenau

Freyung -Grafenau is the easternmost district of Bavaria. It is located in the district of Lower Bavaria.

• 4.1 District Administrators
• 4.2 Kreistag

Geography

Geographically, the district area is located in the Bavarian Forest. The county has about 60 % share of forests. The highest point in the district is the Great Rachel ( 1453 m), the second highest mountain in the whole Bavarian Forest. Not far from the Rachel springs the Ilz, which flows through the western district area in a southerly direction and empties into the Danube at Passau.

Neighboring districts or administrative areas are in the north and east of the Czech circles Klatovy ( Klattau ) ( Plzeň ), Prachatice ( Prachatiz ) and Cesky Krumlov ( Cesky Krumlov ) (both South Bohemia ) and the Austrian district of Rohrbach (Upper Austria ), in the south of the district of Passau, in the west of the district of Deggendorf and the northwest of the district of Regen.

History

As in many mountain ranges in southern Germany begins the actual story of the territory of present-day district Freyung -Grafenau with the colonization of the Middle Ages. Contrary to widespread opinion, the Bavarian Forest is but inhabited since the Stone Age at least since the Celts, this is no archaeological evidence. Although evidence Silexabschläge and pottery shards found in many places of the presence of humans in prehistoric times, for permanent settlements but lacks good evidence. Many silex ( flint) fragments were brought down from the Middle Ages to the fertilization of fields with lime on the fields. The numerous finds of stone and bronze axes have the custom to go, such hatchets ( " thunderbolts " ) kept as a defense against lightning magic in a prominent location in houses and stables. They were traded for this purpose from far away and partly sold by peddlers. It is clear that early trade routes led in the direction of Bohemia through the Bavarian Forest. In the Middle Ages salt was transported mainly on trade routes in Bohemia. These so-called "Golden walks" belonged to the Early Modern Period the most important trade routes in southern Germany.

Until the 11th century was the so-called " Northern Forest ", ie the territory between the Danube, Rachel and Dreisessel as royal property. 1010 reached the area east of Ilz by donation as clearing land to the kingdom monastery Niedernburg in Passau, with which it was at the turn of the 13th century, the bishops of Passau.

The prince-bishops of Passau had great interest to make this hitherto quite sparsely populated, densely forested region cultivated and therefore encouraged the slash-and- development work. This is reflected in many place names ending in- repent ( grub ). The borders to neighboring Bavaria, Austria and the Czech Republic for centuries were controversial. Only under Prince-Bishop Cardinal Leopold Ernst Graf von Firmian were in 1767, the limits are set binding to Bohemia. This bishop also managed the repurchase of the pledged since the 15th century Austrian rule Rannariedl with the field of seven Künischen villages.

Capital of the abbey country has long been the market forest churches that lay directly on one of the main routes of the Golden walkway.

The prince-bishop's castles Fuersteneck and Wolfenstein, both created in 1200 under Prince-Bishop of Erla Wolfger to secure the country's borders, were in the 14th century seat of the prince-bishop Pfleggerichte, where the markets and Perlesreut Freyung were under. A judicial special position could preserve forest churches against it. As the only place in the region, the market was 1460-1470 fastened with a circular wall. Remains of this wall are still present today.

With the secularization of 1803, the Bishopric of Passau was dissolved and initially fell to the Grand Duchy of Salzburg Tuscany. Shortly thereafter, in 1806, this area became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Bavaria.

The area west of the Ilz, originally also King Country, since 1000 was a part of the formbachischen County Wind Mountain. When the form Bacher became extinct around 1180, the area fell to the Counts of Andechs- Meranien, of which there are 1207 the Bishopric of Passau acquired. Passau divided the county and was the same year the country at the headwaters of the Ilz with the castle Bärnstein the Halsern as a fief. They founded in the 13th century the market Schoenberg and awarded individual goods and grubbing areas their own service people.

1375 the Count died from neck. Main legacy was Landgrave Johann von Leuchtenberg, who, in Asang ', a slash and burn, the market Grafenau allowed to create. At his instigation, and through his intercession, gave Emperor Charles IV the fledgling market in 1376, the city rights. 1396 donated the lights Berger Kloster Sankt Oswald. It was on a later, Gulden road ' mentioned trade route led first of Passau - neck, partly by Vilshofen about Grafenau to western Bohemia. 1417 sold the lights Berger Ranfels their offices and Bärnstein with the city Grafenau and the market Schoenberg to the Ortenburgers from which they acquired in 1438 the Bavarian dukes. This divided the Count Sauerland to their Rentamt Straubing, and set up in the castles Bärnstein and Unterdießen stone Pflegrichter.

Until the 20th century, the current Freyung -Grafenau consisted of the two circles Wolfenstein and Grafenau. Efforts to simplify administration of the districts of the lower Bavarian Forest there were in the previous century, at a time when the counties still "Royal District Courts " or ( 1862-1938 ) " district offices " were called. In 1959, then was the first time a merger of the counties Grafenau and Wolfenstein talking. Ten years later, began planning the "Municipal Restructuring " in Bavaria. After approval by Parliament, the Bavarian State Government decreed by Decree of Council of 27 December 1971, the merger of the counties Grafenau and Wolfenstein since 1 July 1972 for new Freyung. On June 11, 1972, the population chose the 50 new district councils as well as the former Chief Executive of the old district Wolfenstein, Franz Schu Mertl, the new district.

On October 27, 1972, the council of the new district decided in its third public meeting in Grafenau with 33 votes to 15 as proposed by the CSU new county names: Freyung -Grafenau. As the seat of county government was at the same time the city Freyung, previously the seat of the district administration Wolfenstein determined.

The inhabitants of the Wolfsteiner and the Count Sauerland went over centuries historically territorially separate ways. The people that have remained long been aware of the old border between "Bavaria" and " Bistümlern ". Collectively, they have always had their strong love for their forest and a working life, which was characterized mainly by farming, animal husbandry and forestry work, and since the 15th century labor relations in forest glassworks, scheduled use of wood with wooden drift ( since the 18th century ) and Wood processing or. editing. In the 19th century finally reached the railways and new road construction The Woodlands, combined this with the world and initiated a modest industrialization.

By the middle of the 19th century discovered the first holiday of the Bavarian Forest. But it was only with the founding of the Bavarian Forest National Park in 1970 took the tourism in the counties of Wolfenstein and Grafenau significantly. He is now one of the most important branches of the acquisition region.

By the opening of the Iron Curtain in the direction of the Czech Republic in 1989, the district moved from the boundary conditions in a more central position. So the neighbor Šumava National Park was founded shortly thereafter, which forms together with the Bavarian Forest National Park one of Europe's largest forests. The transit link between Germany and the Czech Republic by the county increased significantly. Especially since the EU accession of the Czech Republic in 2004 and the abolition of border controls in 2007, the economic ties have risen sharply.

Through a constituency reform the county lost its 2003 directly elected Members of Parliament. Much of the county area was combined with the district of Regen in a constituency, the western part was assigned to the district of Passau -east. The directly elected members of the vocal Regen, Freyung -Grafenau has since Helmut Brunner. In the legislative period from 2003 to 2008 Helga Weinberger took over the CSU - District list in the state legislature. 2008, the former district administrator Alexander Muthmann on the CDU district list was elected to Parliament.

Economy and infrastructure

Sedlbauer AG ( Grafenau / electronics), AMF ( Grafenau / mineral fibers ), Karl Bachl GmbH & Co.KG ( Roehrnbach / Contractors ), Knaus Tabbert ( Jandelsbrunn / caravan ), parathyroid Automotive AG ( Neureichenau ), DUMPS electronic ( Roehrnbach / Electronics ), Zambelli ( house in the woods / roof systems ), Bolta ( Saunstein Schoenberg / industrial Profiles ), S S separation and Sorting Technology GmbH ( Saunstein Schoenberg / metal detection systems & material separation), Garhammer ( Forest churches / fashion house ), Gedore ( Forest churches / tools)

Tourism

One of the most important sectors of the economy in this rural area along the former Iron Curtain is tourism, which was earlier promoted by the Tourist Communities, an association of municipalities, tourism associations and landlords. Today, the county, the municipalities and several advertising associations to support the development of tourism directly. The county is represented (TVO ) as all the neighbors in the Bavarian Forest in Eastern Bavaria Tourism Association. The main attraction is the first national park in Germany, the Bavarian Forest National Park, which makes up a large part of the northern county area and extends into the neighboring county rain for visitors.

Traffic

About Regional roads

• By Freyung -Grafenau perform three main roads: B 12 (north-south direction of Passau past Freyung towards the Czech Republic (transition to the R4 to Prague )
• B 85 (north-south direction of rain coming to Schoenberg in Grafenau past to Passau )
• B 533 ( west-east direction of Hengersberg coming to Schoenberg in Deggendorf, from there to Grafenau common route with the B 85 and continue until Freyung )

• There are also several state highways that connect the district with the highways.

Railway lines

The railway line Zwiesel -Grafenau has been the only rail connection in the district in constant operation. They operated the stations and Spiegelau Grafenau, as well as the breakpoints Klingenbrunn, Grossarmschlag and Rosenau in the two-hour clock.

Forest Churches - - Until 1982, the Ilztalbahn Passau was Freyung served in the passenger sector. Once this route was decommissioned in 2005, she was for leisure traffic from 16-17. July 2011 to resume operations.

From her chained in the woods churches from the railway Forest Church Haidmuehle after Haidmuehle that led from there over the border into the Czech Volary. This was interrupted by the Second World War, and gradually dismantled. Since 2001 she has been completely rebuilt on the German side to the bike path. The Czech section still bears directly on the border near Nové Údolí ( Neuthal ) at Haidmuehle.

Public transport

The county is served by local buses of the RBO. Also exist in the three cities city bus lines, as well as several bus private operators. Then there are the tourist oriented hedgehog buses.

In most bus routes and rail lines of the district of the Bavarian Forest ticket is valid. In the communes of Spiegelau, Neuschönau, St. Oswald- Riedlhutte, Grafenau, Schoenberg, Hohenau (each since May 1, 2010), as well as Mauth ( from 1 December 2010 ) is considered the guest card as the Bavarian Forest Ticket appropriate ticket " GUTi ".

Airfields

• In Elsenthal with Eberhard Reuth west of Grafenau, south of Schoenberg is the airfield " Elsenthal -Grafenau " ( ICAO designator EDNF )

Education

Vocational school:

• State Vocational School Forest Churches

Schools:

• School Freyung
• Johannes - Gutenberg -Gymnasium forest Churches ( JGG)
• Landgrave of Leuchtenberg -Gymnasium Grafenau ( LLG )

Fachoberschule:

• State Technical College Forest Churches

Special schools:

• Caritas St. Elizabeth School Freyung

Private Support Centre, funding priority mental development

• Don Bosco School Grafenau

Special Educational Support Centre with a focus on learning, mental development, language

• School in Erlenhain forest Churches

Support Centre with a focus on emotional and social development, learning and language

Secondary schools:

• Realschule Freyung
• Realschule Grafenau

Community College:

• VHS Freyung- Grafenau, based in Grafenau

Health care

Clinics of the district Freyung -Grafenau gGmbH:

• District hospital Freyung
• District hospital Grafenau
• County hospital forests churches

Bavarian Red Cross district association Freyung -Grafenau:

• District office Freyung
• Rescue stations in Freyung Grafenau, Forest churches, Neureichenau, Schoenberg and Schoefweg

Social Service Society of the Bavarian Red Cross GmbH

• Senior Living Grafenau

Media

The only published daily local newspaper in the county is the Passau Neue Presse with their local section F, which under the titles Earl Auer indicator ( Altlandkreis Grafenau ) and Passau Neue Presse ( Altlandkreis Wolfenstein ) appears.

Besides appearing with " the new week " as a whole, the " Bavarian Forest weekly paper " in the west and " Sunday " in the eastern district of week three free advertising papers with messages from the district.

In addition, report the Center Eastern Bavaria the Bavarian Radio, the local radio unserRadio and the local TV station TRP 1 from the county.

Policy

District administrators

Council

Cities and Towns

(Population at 31 December 2012)

Cities

Markets

Communities

Management Communities

Free community areas ( 156.32 km ²)

Geotopes

The district is 48 (as of September 2013) are the Bavarian State Office for Environmental designated geological sites. See the list of geological sites in the district Freyung -Grafenau