Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge

Fried Ferdinand Runge (* February 8, 1794 or 1795 [NB 1] in Hamburg- Billwerder, † March 25, 1867 in Oranienburg ) was a German chemist.

Life

Runge was born as the third child of Pastor Johann Gerhardt Runge. Runge was able to visit only the elementary school for financial reasons and was initially 1810-1816 apothecary's apprentice in the Ratsapotheke and the Lion Pharmacy in Lübeck. He studied from 1816 to 1822 at the Universities of Berlin, Göttingen and Jena first medicine, then at the University of Jena chemistry. He received his PhD in 1819 and MD in 1822 in Berlin as a Doctor of Philosophy with a thesis on the economically important indigo. 1826 Runge lecturer and in 1828 an associate professor of engineering at the University of Breslau. In 1832 he finished his university career and moved to Oranienburg, where he lived until his death, to Dr. Hempel, later Chemical products factory Oranienburg to work in the chemical establishment as an industrial chemist.

Work

Runge was already in his time known for his work on the technical evaluation of the coal tar, the case of coal gas and coke was incurred at the time in large quantities from coal to waste and was often dumped into the sea, which threatened to become a serious environmental problem. He isolated, characterized and named substances from the coal tar, the most important of which Kyanol ( aniline), pyrrole, Leukol ( quinoline ), carbolic acid ( phenol), rosolic ( Aurin ) - basic building blocks for chemical substances later, founded in 1865 Badische Aniline and Soda factory (BASF ). It was not until 1843, however, were by August Wilhelm von Hofmann performed an elemental analysis and more detailed studies of Kyanol and Leukol, Auguste Laurent made ​​an elemental analysis of carbolic acid. The identity of the material Kyanols was identical with the product of heating of anthranilic acid, the aniline, by Fritzsche. Runge led different experiments with aniline. Treated with bleaching powder took this to a purple color. This reaction is still used today as Runge Chlorkalkreaktion for the detection of aniline. With oxygen acids or bases admixed formed aniline red dyes. This Runge had first produced in coal-tar dyes, but still met with no commercial interest at that time.

The beating mercury heart in the form known today was first described by Runge in 1829.

Other important substances, which he described for the first time, are thymol and the alkaloids hyoscyamine and caffeine ( on the advice of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who suspected an antidote to atropine in coffee beans). The original form of paper chromatography was discovered by him.

In schools in chemistry class " images that paint themselves " produced based on his findings. This also " Runge- images " above sample images are considered to be precursors of paper chromatography.

Aftereffect

Became popular Runge's work by aniline, a biographical novel published in 1936 by the National Socialist author Karl Aloys Schenzinger which has a circulation of 920,000 copies, reached during the period of National Socialism and was successful even in the postwar period.

Since 1994, the peace-loving Ferdinand Runge- price for unconventional art education.

Comments

" February 8 is the local Lord Pastoris Mr. Johann Gerhard Runge, gebürt. born from Hamburg and his wife Catharina Eliesabeth Heins gebürt. born in St. Georg Hamburg bey her son and was baptized on the 16th. Acquisitions: Peace-loving Ferdinand: Gevattern: wife Catharina Maria Dorothea born Lagan core Jgfr. Johanna Helena core, Mr. Christian Raupach peace-loving. "

Runge himself called 1821 in a curriculum vitae of birth February 8, 1795 A translation of this CV is at Berthold Anft. Fried Ferdinand Runge his life and his work. Dr. Emil Ebering, Berlin 1937 ( Essays on the history of medicine and the natural sciences, No. 23 ), pp. 154-155 printed and then taken over by Katrin Cura: Professorenklekse - Fried Ferdinand Runge ( 1794-1867 ): discoverer of the coal-tar dyes and founder of the paper chromatography. In: Gudrun Wolf Schmidt ( eds.): Colors in cultural history and natural science. tredition, 2011, ISBN 384242200-8, pp. 268-293, here p 272-273 ( limited preview on Google Book Search ).

Works

• The formative impulse of the fabrics illustrated in self- grown pictures, 1855 Digitalisat