Friedrich Schneider

Friedrich Schneider, full name Johann Christian Friedrich Schneider ( born January 3, 1786 in Altwaltersdorf, † November 23, 1853 in Dessau ) was a German composer, organist and dukes of Anhalt- Dessauischer Hofkapellmeister.

  • 2.1 oratorios
  • 2.2 Measure, Te Deum
  • 2.3 cantatas, hymns, psalms
  • 2.4 motets, choral songs and religious songs
  • 2.5 symphonies
  • 2.6 operas
  • 2.7 overtures
  • Piano Works 2.8 ( with and without accompaniment )
  • 2.9 Other, occasional works, sketches, inter alia,

Life

Early years: 1786-1804

Johann Christian Friedrich Schneider was born on January 3, 1786 in Zittau Altwaltersdorf at the first of the two sons of the school teacher and organist Johann Gottlob Schneider ( 1753-1840 ), which he also first general education and instruction in instrumental performance ( and Others Piano, organ, violin, cello and various wind instruments ) received. During his time at Zittau Gymnasium, he attended since 1798, he displayed remarkable compositional talent. He quickly rose to a member of the local school choir for tenor soloist and has held the position of Prefect between April 1804 and July 1805.

Leipzig years: 1805-1821

In 1805 he participated in Leipzig on the study of the " humanities " and furthered his musical knowledge with August Eberhard Müller and Johann Gottfried layer; Johann Friedrich Rochlitz, the founder of the Leipzig Allgemeine musical newspaper, promoted him. Within a short time he held a variety of musical offices and functions - among other things he was from 1810 Music Director of the Seconda'schen Opera Company, 1813 organist at St. Thomas Church, took over in 1816 the management of the Singing Academy and served as music director of the Municipal Theatre since 1817 - which he has been gradually become one of the most influential personalities of the Leipzig 's musical life. As a soloist, the first brilliant performance of Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5 in the Leipzig Gewandhaus in 1811 he proved his abilities as an outstanding concert pianist. In 1812 he married the singer Elisa Geibel, but already in the following year died in a stillbirth. On January 3, 1815 he was married to her sister Katharina Maria. From this marriage four boys and four girls were born. Although he devoted himself during his Leipzig years a wide variety of musical genres, he was not well known as a composer before 1820. Only the unexpected success of his second oratorio The Last Judgement, which premiered on March 6, 1820 at the Leipzig Gewandhaus, was the breakthrough. The triumph of the work continued in a variety of other performances and brought Schneider regional notoriety and recognition sustainable one. He established your reputation as a composer, court music, conductor, pianist, organist, teacher and organizer of numerous musical festivals.

Kapellmeister of Anhalt -Dessau: 1822-1853

The following year he joined the successor to the late 1820 Leopold Carl Reinicke as dukes of Anhalt- Dessau Dessauischer court conductor and led the music scene to new heights. Immediately after entering the service he reorganized the court orchestra and had formed a powerful, widely recognized orchestra after a short time. As early as 1822, he organized according to the Leipzig model regular subscription concerts, founded an Academy of Music and cried together with the poet Wilhelm Müller Dessauer Liedertafel to life. With the specially organized high school choir and the male choir of the teachers seminar Schneider led a regular church music in the three churches of the city. In the course of the German conservatory foundations he opened a music school in 1829, emerged more than 120 graduates from until its closure in 1844.

His nationwide reputation was also reinforced by the fact that Schneider regularly stepped up to his conducting activities in numerous music festivals as a conductor in appearance. Engagements of this kind he held until well into old age. During his time in Dessau especially oratorios and other sacred works as well as compositions for male choir emerged. From about 1830 he increasingly composed less and moved more and more frequently in the tranquil Zerbst back to pursue his passion for gardening literature and astronomy. At the time, Schneider was a member of more than 25 musical associations. Among the many awards that the received were all his life, stand out particularly the two conferred in 1830 honorary doctorates from the universities of Halle and Leipzig, and honorary memberships in the New York Philharmonic Society (1853 ), the Vienna Society of Friends of Music and the Royal Academy of Music to Stockholm.

His musical oeuvre consists of 16 oratorios, including The funeral (UA: 1821, Berlin), The Deluge (1824, Cologne), Paradise Lost (1825, Magdeburg ) and Christ the Master (1828, Nuremberg ) and other sacred vocal compositions, but also six operas and a number of instrumental music works together. Among them are 23 handwritten traditional symphonies, 20 overtures, two piano concertos and an immense number of chamber music compositions. He wrote, inter alia, ten string quartets, a significant number of two - and four-hand piano sonatas, dances and variations as well as numerous piano reductions and other arrangements of operas and instrumental works by Beethoven, Cherubini, Mozart, Spontini, inter alia, its importance and recognition as a composer Schneider owes to the tremendous success of its world Court essentially. Was favored Schneiders success in that it (about to compositions with a large number of easy-to- singing choirs ) and the burgeoning choral singing being understood to serve the concerns of emerging music festivals everywhere. In the contemporary press, he has even been called " Handel of our time" titled. Moreover, his other oratorios and works of other genres of audiences and critics were appreciated and valued. Through his commitment as a conductor, organizer and composer, he exercised considerable influence on the music festival development. So already taking place since 1826 Elbmusikfeste were inseparably linked with his name. Great appreciation he gained among his contemporaries as a choral and orchestral trainer as well as a sponsor of the men's choir being. In addition to his exhibitions and operas in particular also tailor songs and choruses were well received by recipients on benevolent response. Friedrich Schneider enjoyed during his lifetime as a musician in Germany high reputation. He was regarded as highly creative composer. In 1807 he was inducted into the Masonic Lodge Leipzig Baldwin zur Linde.

Works (selection)

His works include operas, piano concertos, oratorios, overtures, symphonies, songs and about 400 choral works. When his most famous work applies the oratorio " The Last Judgement " in 3 parts for soloists, chorus and orchestra (1821 ). The Leipzig Pfefferkorn Musikverlag the first time presented a source-critical Urtext edition. The rebate cutter is kept in the Dessau Anhalt Regional Library.

Oratories

  • The Harrowing of the Messiah, 1810 Leipzig
  • The Last Judgement, op 46, 1819 Leipzig - Critical Urtext edition 2011, Pfefferkorn Musikverlag Leipzig
  • The funeral, Leipzig 1821
  • Deluge, 1823 Dessau
  • Paradise Lost, 1824 Dessau
  • Jesus' birth, 1825 Dessau
  • Christ, the Master, 1827 Dessau
  • Pharaoh, 1828 Dessau
  • Christ, the child, 1829 Dessau
  • Gideon, 1829 Dessau
  • Absalon, 1830 Dessau
  • Jerusalem Delivered, 1835 Dessau
  • Solomon ' Temple, 1836 Dessau ( unfinished)
  • Boniface, 1837 Dessau ( unfinished)
  • Gethsemane and Golgotha ​​, Op 96, 1838 Dessau - Critical Urtextausgabe 2012, Pfefferkorn Musikverlag Leipzig
  • Christ the Redeemer, 1838 Dessau

Fairs, Te Deum

Cantatas, hymns, psalms

  • Psalm (no number) for male voices a cappella, 1835
  • The 130th Psalm, 1810
  • The 146th Psalm, 1821
  • The 24th Psalm (Jehovah is the earth and its fullness), 1822
  • The 29th Psalm, 1823
  • The 21st Psalm for three male voices and wind instruments, 1843
  • The 67th Psalm for 2 male choirs a cappella, 1843
  • Psalm "Our Father" for 8 male voices a cappella, 1845
  • The 4th Psalm, 1848
  • The fifth Psalm, 1848
  • The 123rd Psalm, 1848
  • The Psalm 121, 1851

Motets, choral songs and religious songs

Symphonies

Operas

  • The Fortune Teller ( opera in 2 acts ) 1805
  • Claudine von Villa Bella ( Opera in 3 Acts ), 1805
  • Andromeda ( Opera in 3 Acts ), 1807
  • Alvin's disenchantment ( Opera in 3 Acts ), 1808
  • The note holder ( opera in one act ), 1809
  • The scissors grinder ( opera in 1 act ), 1811
  • Schwanhilde ( opera in 3 acts - Only Acts 1 and 2 completed ), 1827

Overtures

To 6 overtures to his operas

Piano Works ( with and without accompaniment )

  • 60 piano sonatas *)
  • 7 Piano Concertos
  • 3 Piano Quartets
  • Several piano trios
  • 12 Rondos
  • Schneider himself referred to works that are today known as a sonata for solo instrument and piano (such as the Sonatas for Flute and Piano, Sonata for Cello and Piano etc. ) as Piano Sonatas

Others, occasional works, sketches, inter alia,

  • Several concertos for solo instruments and orchestra (violin, clarinet, bassoon)
  • Variations and dances ( and others) for clarinet, bassoon, horn and piano
  • 10 string quartets (including 2 printed )
  • About 400 songs for male voices
  • About 200 songs for voice and piano
  • Several dances of all kinds for piano or orchestra

Student

The handwritten directory cutter includes 125 students. Among them were (the year marks the beginning of the study ):

In Schneider did not list students:

Anhalt-Dessau Johann Gottfried Schicht Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung Piano Concerto No. 5 (Beethoven) Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde Symphony Robert Franz Theodor Uhlig Friedrich Lux Wilhelm Rust Carl Ferdinand Becker Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Johann Schelle Johann Kuhnau Johann Adam Hiller Johann Philipp Christian Schulz Christian August Pohlenz Ernst Richter Max Reger Hermann Grabner Hans-Joachim Rotzsch Integrated Authority File
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