Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda

The Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda ( FLEC; German for " Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda ") is a separatist movement in the belonging to Angola Cabinda enclave.

The FLEC as a movement for an independent Cabinda

Between its founding in 1963 and 1975, the year of the Liberation of Angola by the colonial power Portugal, fought the FLEC in Cabinda, regardless of the liberation movements in the rest, often larger Angola against the colonial army. As 1974 Cabinda by the Organisation for African Unity ( OAU) as the 39th state in Africa recognized and its decolonization was required, the goal seemed to be close. In 1975 the FLEC a transitional government, which was led by Tiago Enriquez and on 1 August 1975 declared the independence of Cabinda from Portugal. From November 1975 to January 4, 1976, however, marching soldiers of the leading Angolan independence movement Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola ( MPLA ) in the Cabinda enclave. They were supported by Cuban troops and quickly gained the upper hand in the region.

In the 1980s, the FLEC support of UNITA, which fought with the support of the apartheid regime of South Africa against the (then) Marxist MPLA -controlled government of Angola received. So she had, however, stood on the side of the loser in the Angolan civil war. When the United States in the 90s their support of UNITA ended and the apartheid regime in South Africa had to hand over power to the ANC, and the struggle of the FLEC military was finally lost.

In April 1996, a ceasefire agreement between the FLEC - Renovada and the Angolan government was signed. Other groups were later joined by this contract.

The paged from the FLEC " Republic of Cabinda " is a member of UNPO, have joined together in the "not represented " Peoples ..

On 8 January 2010, the FLEC attacked the national football team of Togo, where they killed three members of the delegation and other delegates injured.

This was followed by an increased military and political repression by the Government of Angola. Various leaders of the FLEC were arrested. This led since 2010 by no more armed actions. To gauge the general elections, which were carried out in Angola in 2012 and in which the MPLA won a total of 70 % of the votes were. In Cabinda strong 40 % fell to the opposition, particularly UNITA and CASA, but still around 60 % of the MPLA.

Organization History of the FLEC

The history of the FLEC as an organization is a tale of association and splitting.

The FLEC was established in 1963 due to the consolidation of three of nationalist movements in life:

  • MLEC - Movemento de Liberaçao do Enclave de Cabinda ( Movement for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda )
  • CAUNC - Comite d' Union Nacional do acção Cabindesa ( Aktionskommittee the National Union of Cabinda )
  • ALLIAMA - Aliança El Nacional do Mayombe ( National Alliance El Mayombe; Mayombe is a mountain in the east of Cabinda )

The flag of the MLEC was yellow with a seal in the middle, which represented the Mayombe Mountain.

The leader of the united movement was Luiz Ranque Franque, who refused to join other Angolan independence movements fighting for the rest of Angola 's independence from Portugal. The FLEC adopted a flag with horizontal red, yellow and blue stripes - one color for each of the three groups. A new badge (white star and a green triangle in a ring ) was added into the center.

After the conquest of Cabinda by the MPLA troops from Angola in 1975, the FLEC broke again into three fractions:

  • FLEC - Ranque Franque
  • FLEC - N'Zita, led by Henrique Tiago N'Zita
  • FLEC - Lubota, led Francisco Xavier Lubota

In November 1977, a further fraction formed, the

  • Military Command for the Liberation of Cabinda

In June 1979, a fifth movement that arose

  • Popular Movement for the Liberation of Cabinda ( Movimento Popular de Libertação de Cabinda ).

And in the 1990s were once again two additional groups:

  • UNLC - the National Association for the Liberation of Cabinda ( União Nacional de Libertação de Cabinda ), led by Luis Lumingu Gimby
  • CCC - The Communist Committee of Cabinda (Comité de Cabinda Comunista ), led by Kaya Mohamed Yay

The original FLEC was launched back in the 1990s, and two groups were formed:

  • The FLEC - Renovada whose flag white with a central strip was, which was divided in three colors - green, yellow and black - with a red ring in the middle of the flag
  • The Armed Forces of Cabinda FLEC ( Cabinda forcas Armadas do - FLEC -FAC ), who used the original red-blue- yellow flag with the emblem

1996 another group under cabindesischen exiles in the Netherlands, the Frente de Libertação do Estado de Cabinda was formed ( Liberation Front for the State of Cabinda ). This group took a blue -yellow- black flag with a badge of Silambuco Monument in Cabinda in the middle.

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