Frustration

A frustration (from Latin frustra or frustratio = " deception of an expectation " = vain ) is a request refusal, which is associated with the experience of a forced renunciation of instinctual wishes.

Causes of frustration may (outer frustration ) or generated by the unconscious denial of instinctual wishes by the superego (inner frustration ) lie in a unzuträglichen constellation in the outer world. Also creates frustration by actual or perceived discrimination, unfulfilled expectations and suffered injustices, which manifest themselves in a state of disappointment. Immediate negative consequences can be aggression, long-term burnout syndrome or depression.

In everyday language, the term is related frustration to name a feeling of displeasure or sullenness.

The adjective " frustran " is used in medical findings, for example, to illustrate the futility of treatment. What is meant is " vain ", " without effect."

Frustration condition

The frustration status can either be developed as an intervening variable from its consequences or be directly detected, for example by means of psychophysiological measurements. It depends on the frustration tolerance of an individual, that is, from the individual ability to endure frustrating conditions.

The frustration reactions can be divided into extrapunitive, intropunitive and impunitive ( punitive punitive ~ ). The person thus constructed various cause- effect relationships: The extrapunitiven frustration reactions to external factors are identified as causes of frustration, for example, other people. The intropunitiven the causes in your own person be considered. The trivialization of frustration causes is a impunitive frustration reaction.

Frustration hypotheses

In psychology and behavioral biology different hypotheses are discussed, such as the frustration-aggression hypothesis, frustration- regression hypothesis and the frustration- fixation hypothesis. The frustration can manifest itself in aggression, depression, regression, rationalization or sublimation. (see also defense mechanism )

The term frustration by not identifying the factors that hinder the achievement of objectives, but the condition and its consequences. Frustrating factors are

• External, such as a threat of violence or a ' dilemma ' (decision-making dilemma ), lack of satisfaction opportunities, or
• Internal, such as self-control or conscience demands.

Also unsystematic change of reward and punishment or time delay of gratification states qualifies as frustration factors; they can lead to insecure attachment in children.