Fuji (apple)
Intersection of ' Ralls Janet ' × 'Red Delicious'
Fuji (Japaneseふじ) is a species of culture apple (Malus domestica). Fuji in Japan in 1939 crossed from Ralls Janet and Red Delicious. The Fuji was first put on the market in 1962. He is moderately schorfempfindlich. The very sweet Fuji is the world's most widely grown apple. This is in particular the fact that the world's largest apple producer China almost exclusively by planting fuji apples.
Description
The fruit is medium-sized, usually large. The shape is round, conical, while the ribs are to be recognized. The appearance of the shell is fragrant in their ground color pale greenish to yellowish green striped and in the body color, depending on the type of apple, pink to brownish- red or dark red - violet and easily. In the standard variant of the apple is often not fully colored strong. But in the meantime, numerous mutants in the trade that are stained strongly. The skin feels smooth on, is thick, does not shine and can be russeting.
The stem cavity is wide and flat. They may be partially russeting. The stalk itself is long and wide. The calyx is wide and medium depth, and clear ribbed. The lenticels are conspicuous white and comparatively large.
The taste is very sweet with little acidity, which is even almost completely degraded during storage. It is very crisp and juicy. The creamy white flesh is fine-celled and relatively firm and juicy.
The tree is very vigorous. and spreads out in all directions. The branches are therefore inclined to hang. It formed sufficient branches and fruit wood. The tree is built in a circular crown with good Leitastbildung. The fruits occur at the one-and two -year crop wood.
History
Fuji was created in 1939 by the breeding of Ralls Janet with Red Delicious in Fujisaki, Aomori, Japan. It was named in 1962 by the Research Station in Morioka, Japan, the Fuji named after his Züchtungsort.
Fuji is the most important type of apple in China, the world 's largest apple producer, and Japan. An important part of growing is the variety in Korea, Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Australia. To a lesser scale Fuji is now cultivated worldwide. In Germany the tree grows only in very warm climates. However, in South Tyrol Fuji is one of the main varieties in cultivation.
Cultivation
Fuji loves heat. So that he can mature in Germany at all, he needs slopes or locations with overexposure to sunlight. The tree produces fruit early in life, blooming in the early years and it matures, however, rather late and also produces water shoots. The tree is hardy, the flowers, however, susceptible to late frosts than, say, Red Delicious or Jonagold.
Fuji flowers in the middle of the season. The variety has no Vorerntefall of the fruit. Can be harvested the Fuji variety in Europe from mid to late October in Japan in mid-November. The harvest usually takes place in several steps. Indicators for the beginning of the harvest are color, top color and starch content, but not the strength.
In Japan and China, the fruit growers have developed various methods to strengthen the weak staining in itself. Among the packing of individual fruits fell in bag, removing the leaves, reflective mulch and turning the apples on the tree.
Storage
Enjoyment frost the apple is one month after the harvest. It can be stored in CA storage until July. Compared with other varieties lose Fuji also outside the camp only slightly in strength, and can be as long as kept in the store. For short-term storage, a CA warehouse the consistent flavor of the apple improved over a cold store, but has no influence on the strength. For long-term storage in CA storage Fuji has a tendency to fruit tan.
Vulnerabilities and resistances
Fuji tends to biennial, and does not respond well to chemical methods of thinning. Some of the usual chemical thinners lead Fuji to russets, and are therefore not used. In cultivation the species is known for its glassiness.
Fuji is very susceptible to scab and fire blight. He is moderately resistant to powdery mildew.
The tree is suitable diploid and as pollinators. However, he is self-sterile.
Mutants
There are numerous mutants of this strain. Alone in Japan are known 128 provided with a name mutants. These are usually more red in color than the basic shape, but there are also mutants for other climatic conditions, the shape of the color, taste or harvest time. In Japan, striped designs are particularly popular. Common mutants are about Nagafu, Red Sports, Aki Fu, Yataka, Beni Shogun, Fubrax, Fuji jubilé, Azufu, Aztec, Seirin track, Myra Red Fuji, Tensei, Yataka, Takano Wase or the club varieties SuN Fuji Kiku or Brak.
In the breeding
Fuji is especially popular because of its fruit size, taste and its excellent bearing properties in the breed. In particular, in the countries bordering the Pacific, the species is used extensively for breeding. Cultivars derived from Fuji, are Himekami, Hokuto, Huaguan, Huashuai, Senshu and Catarina.