Funk

Radio is the generic term for a variety originally African-American music, which has the late 1960s, developed from various influences of soul, rhythm and blues and jazz, and has in turn strongly influenced and influenced musical styles such as disco, hip- hop and house. Significant stylistic features of the original radio are repetitive, unlike other R & B styles rather on the "one" emphasized basic rhythm, syncopated bass lines and accented horns and rhythm guitar in the interaction with soul vocals. Often the singing but also looks more percussive than melodic. Larger gained popularity of the radio for the first time by the music of James Brown and Sly Stone.

Origin of the word

The meaning of the term " radio " comes from African-American slang of the 1950s, in the " funky " is synonymous with "earthy ", " dirty " or " excited " was. The initial meaning of the word was smoke, bad smell.

Already in the 1950s and 1960s appeared to transfers "funky" in jazz, for example, in securities of Horace Silver and Cannonball Adderley; at that time was - for example, by Carlo Bohländer - Soul Jazz understood as funky Jazzspielart. One of the first bands that released beyond the jazz songs in the direction of play radio, were the Isley Brothers. As an independent genre of music radio, however, is defined only since the late 1960s, as musicians and bands such as James Brown, Sly and the Family Stone and The Meters this style helped to break through.

Formation and development

How many times in music exists controversy over the development of a musical style, as well as the radio. However, considering the course of history to this style of music with respect to the timing of a wide popularization, you will probably have to call before all other James Brown and Sly Stone, who already then set with the aforementioned stylistic means the basic ingredients for the radio. In principle, in the history of Western pop music radio the first moment came in which in the musical ranking (in terms of the melody ) more and more of the rhythm to the fore. The subordinate accompanying rhythm was synkopisiert, the main musical element. The birth of radio is therefore now set in majority on the release of the game Papa 's Got a Brand New Bag by James Brown in 1965. He determined the way to play an instrument, like the slap technique on bass by Larry Graham (then bassist is seen at Sly Stone, as in the Woodstock movie) or Bootsy Collins (then bassist for James Brown), the engraved brass section Maceo Parker ( saxophone) and Fred Wesley ( trombone), those made with other wind instruments, the " JB's " with James Brown, or "Horny Horns" with George Clinton.

All this took place at this time and its origin was from these same musicians as they left the band, carried out into new projects in the world. Many musicians, mostly from the African-American population of America were inspired by these roots, and so in the late 1960s were already countless funk bands on the stages a. Originally an expression of African-American consciousness, with great influence by James Brown, the radio over the years, partly due to changes in production techniques (synthesizer, drum machine) has become increasingly commercialized, and so the mainstream culminated within the radio in the disco music. Some musicians recognized very early this development, turned away and justified subspecies of the radio, such as George Clinton the P-Funk with the bands Parliament and Funkadelic, who developed a complete world of its own with its own characters they on at their performances the stage itself also embodied ( P-Funk mythology ).

The stage shows and outfits of funk bands found their origins in those of James Brown. From uniforms over long, casual and colorful outfits to uniform skin-tight jumpsuits that were completely embroidered with sequins - and even such elaborate costumes as they are usually applied only to the carnival in Rio. Especially Parliament were for their shows are known in which complete UFOs landed on the stage and the most bizarre shapes, especially the " Starchild " (see P-Funk mythology ), their mission began to bring the radio with the crowd ( " Spread the radio worldwide " ).

Over time, stylistic islands formed in the radio, which clearly demarcated with its own unique sound more and more against the other. Emerged Funk Rock, Funkpop, Jazz Funk and other divisions and enjoy great popularity even today, although the commercial success seldom began. Although the radio its peak in the late 1960s had seen historically to the mid 1970s, it must be noted that it is to this day still widely ranging and both modified and original form the basis for many subsequent styles, such as the Hip hop and the New R & B forms. Many super and mega stars of the 1980s and 1990s such as Prince call the radio as their origin and have continued it in new styles and brought him so close to a broad audience in the white population.

Radio in conjunction with other genres

Jazz and fusion

From the beginning, funk and jazz influenced each other. Jazz musicians such as Herbie Hancock, Miles Davis, Marcus Miller, George Duke, Stanley Clarke, the brothers Michael and Randy Brecker, and many others made repeatedly with radio productions attention. It also often jazz standards were interpreted as radio pieces. In particular, Herbie Hancock gave the radio the mid-1970s with his band Headhunters a new direction and both influence for connecting wirelessly with other musical styles, such as electronic music and hip -hop.

The mixture of jazz with funk and rock music is called fusion, which was formerly distinguished between jazz-rock and jazz-funk. Since the late 1980s the British bands Brand New Heavies and Jamiroquai rely on Acid Jazz, the rhythmic also often emphasized as the radio to one.

Influences from typical African music

The Nigerian musician Fela Kuti combined in the 1970s funk and soul with African music. This style is called Afrobeat.

Rock and metal crossover

→ Main article: Radio Metal

Since the mid- 1970s began to rock bands like Mother's Finest, and later in the 1980s, bands such as Gang of Four and Extreme, Jane 's Addiction, Fishbone, Dan Reed Network and the Red Hot Chili Peppers to extend this concept and developed the Funk Rock and Funk Metal, which was later called by the extension of the styles crossover. Other founding fathers of the genre from the 1990s are Faith No More and Living Colour.

Hip- Hop

The original Hip Hop, the so-called Old School in the late 1970s and early 1980s, in principle, contains a lot of radio - elements because at the time the sampling or importing plate formed the basis for the toast of the rapper. The radio with its distinctive rhythm offered for the rap - rap on almost. After the legal battle of the music industry against unlicensed use of samples, the hip- hop music but changed greatly. The studios developed their own beats or even bother to merge the desired part themselves, however with a broad mass of mediocre productions became noticeable. Today, there are again some artists who emphasize the radio more, such as Jan Delay, OutKast, Camp Lo, Redman and Ugly Duckling.

A strongly oriented on the radio sub- style of hip hop is the G-Funk. Representatives of this genre, for example, Dr. Dre, Snoop Doggy Dogg, Above The Law, Tha Dogg Pound, The Dove Shack, Warren G and Nate Dogg.

Electro Funk

A special variant is Electro Funk, who continued the funk of the seventies with electronic means and only weakly demarcated for Electro, the New York hip-hop DJ Afrika Bambaataa founded in the 1970s and especially the 1980s, particularly with his style- hit Planet Rock (1982). He was inspired heavily by the German band Kraftwerk.

Important funk records

Known pieces

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