Gaida
Gajda ( other spellings Gajde, gaida Gajdy, Bulgarian Гайда; Greek Nkáïnta Γκάϊντα; Albanian Gajde / yes; Turkish gayda ) is a bagpipe, which is on the southern Balkan Peninsula, there especially in the region of Thrace, distributed. This includes northern Greece, Bulgaria and the European part of Turkey. There are two models: the smaller Dzura Gajda higher tone is played in North Bulgaria and Dobruja, whereas the kaba Gajda ( Bulgarian Каба Гайда, Greek Καμπά Γκάϊντα ) denotes a deep sounding bagpipe, which is located in the Rhodope Mountains.
Construction
The Gajda consists of a windsock (often made of goat skin with inverted inside coat ) and wooden parts, sometimes also from Hirschhorn. These include a crook ( Bulg lapalo or duchalo ), which is about 30 cm long chanter ( Kawal or gajduniza ) with 8 holes and up to 60 cm long drone of the bass note ( ruchilo or Buchali ).
The chanter has eight finger holes, seven on the front and one for the thumb on the back. The uppermost of the seven holes is easily clogged with a bird feather. From the chanter depends in large part the timbre of the Gajda from, but also their mood and tonal purity. Another important part is the ruchilo the drone. It consists of three successive plugged tubes and is 80 to 90 cm long with large bagpipes.
Dissemination
Bagpipes in Macedonia, Albania, Kosovo, Serbia and Croatia are written Gajde and Slovakia Gajdy. The transliteration of the Greek instrument is gaida, the Bulgarian Gaida Gajda or. In Turkey, called the Thracian bagpipe gayda and is distinguished from tulum on the eastern Black Sea coast. Names Related to Gajda is the Spanish gaita. Presumably the word environment include the Arab Maghreb played in double-reed instrument Ghaita, and it derived the algaita south of the Sahara.
The Gajda is the main folk instrument in many areas of Bulgaria. In the Rhodope Mountains, it is particularly popular. There is a deep kaba Gajda used. This has a large windsock and a long ruchilo. They are available in different moods - c1, h, b, a rare is the kaba Gajda with the root b The most popular one. This is often found in Thrace, Dobrogea and in other parts of Bulgaria.
On the Gajda is usually played solo or with accompaniment on the bass drum. Usually it is blown in the village square, but it sounds even in the house. Only rarely find weddings and village festivals held in Bulgaria without the bagpipes.
Tones
The range of the Gajda is relatively small. In the lower register, it is diatonic and there are also high in semitones. Experienced bagpiper produce by half covering the holes and overblowing semitones. The ruchilo always plays the 5th level of the root, but two octaves lower - so the big G. For the most part end up the tunes on the 5 level. In rare cases, the melody on a different level border ( 2 or 3 ), a second tonal center is created in this way.
The play on the Gajda songs are distinguished by a characteristic beginning: On the octave followed by a glissando - climb up to the highest tone, the None and it unexpectedly a drop to fifth. On the Gajda both slow, sluggish, decorated as well as dance tunes in a variety of time signatures are executed. The deep tones are used less frequently in the fast dance tunes. The highest sounds are extremely loud and yelling.
Special gained fame gajdas the orchestra " 100 Kaba Gajdi " in the Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria with its 100.