Gaston Julia

Gaston Maurice Julia ( born February 3, 1893 in Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria; † 19 March 1978 in Paris) was a French mathematician.

Julia grew up in French Algeria, where his father repaired farm machinery. He attended school in Oran and in 1910 with a grant from a high school in Paris. He studied from 1911 to the Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS ), after he had cut in the entrance examinations for the ENS ( Ecole Polytechnique and to ) as the best.

In 1914, he was drafted as a sergeant in the First World War and badly wounded in his first battle in January 1915, a bullet struck him in the face, destroying his nose, so he wore a leather strap in the face after several unsuccessful recovery operations for the rest of his life.

In 1916 he received his doctorate with Emile Picard at the College de France. In 1918 he published his famous essay on the iteration of rational functions ( Mémoire sur l' iteration des fonctions ratio sional, Journal de Mathématiques et pure appliquées ). In this paper he introduced the Julia set, which plays an important role in the theory of dynamical systems. Regardless of Julia also performed Pierre Fatou appropriate investigations. Since the 1980s, this is again an area of ​​intense mathematical research. The related computer graphics were introduced by Benoit Mandelbrot, Heinz- Otto Peitgen and others to a wider non-mathematical audience. For his work on the iteration of rational functions Julia received the Grand Prize of the French Academy of Sciences and held 1919 Peccot lectures at the College de France. In the same year he became Maître de conférences at the ENS, a tutor at the Ecole Polytechnique and a professor at the Sorbonne. In 1937 he became a professor at the Ecole Polytechnique.

In 1934 he was inducted into the French Academy of Sciences, which he was president in 1950, and was a member, for example, the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He was President of the French Mathematical Society. In 1950 he became an officer of the Legion of Honour.

He was married since 1916 with Marianne Chausson ( his nurse, the daughter of the composer Ernest Chausson ) and had with her six children. One of them was the chemist Marc Julia.

Writings

Books:

  • Oeuvres, 6 volumes, Paris, Gauthier -Villars 1968-1970 (Editor Jacques Dixmier, Michel Hervé, with a foreword by Julia ).
  • Eléments de géométrie infinitesimal, Gauthier -Villars 1927
  • Cours Cinématique, Gauthier -Villars 1928, 2nd edition 1936
  • Exercices d'Analyse, 4 volumes, Gauthier -Villars, 1928-1938, 2nd edition, 1944, 1950
  • Principes d' géométriques analysis, 2 volumes, Gauthier -Villars, 1930, 1932
  • Introduction Mathématique aux Theories Quantiques, 2 volumes, Gauthier -Villars 1936, 1938, 2nd edition 1949, 1955
  • Eléments d' algèbre, Gauthier -Villars 1959
  • Cours de Géométrie, Gauthier -Villars, 1941
  • Cours de géométrie infinitesimal, Gauthier -Villars, 2nd edition 1953
  • Exercices de géométrie, 2 volumes, Gauthier -Villars 1944, 1952
  • Leçons sur la représentation conforme of aires simplement connexes, Gauthier -Villars 1931, 2nd edition 1950
  • Leçons sur la représentation conforme of multiple aires ment connexes, Gauthier -Villars 1934
  • Leçons sur les fonctions uniform à point singulier essentiel isolé, Gauthier -Villars 1924
  • Traité de Théorie de Fonctions, Gauthier -Villars 1953
  • Leçons sur les fonctions d'une variable complexe monogènes uniform Gauthier -Villars, 1917
  • Étude sur les formes binaires non quadratiques à indéterminées real complexes ou, ou à indéterminées conjuguées, Gauthier -Villars 1917

Essays:

  • Memoir on iterations of rational functions (English translation of the article from the Journal de Math Pure Appl et, Volume 8, 1918, pp. 47-245, in PDF format, . 121 kB)
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