Gelsemiaceae

Carolina Jasmine ( Gelsemium sempervirens ), illustration

Gelsemiaceae is a small plant family in the order of the gentian -like ( Gentianales ).

• 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

There are woody plants: self upright or overhanging shrubs or lianas. The Secondary growth in thickness is abnormal by a single Kambiumring starting.

The mostly opposite or whorled rarely arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade simple. The leaf edges are serrated indented indistinct or smooth. The stipules are often greatly reduced. Glands are present on the leaves.

Inflorescences and flowers

In terminal or standing in a leaf axil, zymmösen or paniculate inflorescences, the flowers are borne. There are different shaped bracts and a present to several bracts.

At least at the Gelsemium species smell the flowers. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and usually five, rarely cruciform (some Mostuea species) with a double perianth. The usually five, rarely four sepals are fused Roehrig and most durable. The usually five, rarely four petals are fused Roehrig, the Kronröhren are longer than the Corolla lobe. The colors of the petals range from white, yellow to orange to red and blue. It's just a circle with four rare, usually five stamens present. The same length or different lengths clear, sometimes very short stamens are mutually free and arise in the base to a maximum of the middle of the corolla tube. The pollen grains have three apertures and are colporat. Two carpels are fused to a bald or hairy, upper continuous, two-chambered ovary. Each ovary chamber contains at Mostuea two and Gelsemium two to eight most anatrope, unitegmische ovules. In the ovary are one or two free to partially intergrown pen available. It is almost always Heterostylie before, that is, the pen are of different lengths.

Fruit and seeds

The fruit capsules open their two flaps at maturity and usually containing one to six seeds. The winged ( Gelsemium ) or hairy, flattened seeds have starchy or hard endosperm and a straight to curved embryo with two seed leaves ( cotyledons ).

Chromosome numbers and ingredients

The chromosome numbers be at Gelsemium 2n = 8 or 16 and 2n = 20 Mostuea As a basic chromosome number for the family Gelsemiaceae x = 4 and 10 accepted. At Ploidiegraden are diploid and tetrapoid reported.

There are alkaloids present.

Systematics and distribution

These species were counted to the family of Loganiaceae. L. Struwe, VAAlbert and B.Bremer they made in 1994 in Cladistics, 10 ( 2 ), pp. 206 into its own family of Gelsemiaceae. Recent genetic studies support this division. The basionym for Gelsemiaceae is the tribe Gelsemieae, which was erected by G.Don.

The Gelsemiaceae family includes only two or three genera with eleven or twelve species. The distribution area is mainly tropical in south-east Asia, Africa, America.

• Gelsemium Juss. 's Of the three species in Southeast Asia and a two species are distributed in Central America and southern North America.
• Mostuea Didr. The eight species are distributed in tropical South America, Africa and Madagascar.

Or even with a third kind:

• Pteleocarpa Olive: . Contains only one type: Pteleocarpa lamponga ( Miq. ) Heyne: It is widespread in western Malaysia's. It is also provided to the Boraginaceae or Ehretiaceae, even in his own family Pteleocarpaceae. This tree is one-seeded, winged nut fruits (Samara ).

Swell

• The Gelsemiaceae in APWebsite family. (Sections Description and systematics)
• The Gelsemiaceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz family. ( Description section )