Gemmule

Gemmules (latin for "little buds " ) are leaf buds or resting stages in freshwater sponges and some marine sponges of the coastal area, including some species of the genera Cliona, Haliclona, Suberites and Laxosuberites. The formation of gemmules is the persistence of unfavorable environmental conditions, such as when freezing through the water body or the survivability of drought.

Gemmules are one to two millimeters large spherical cell complexes normally. With the emergence phagocytose binuclear archaeocytes other cells, especially Trophocyten, and then wrap with spongin and spicules (especially Amphidisken ).

As soon as favorable conditions prevail, the gemmules form of the sponge body. In some species, including about Ephydatia muelleri, Spongilla lacustris and Haliclona loosanoffi can gemmula, regulated by the Keimungshemmstoff Gemmulastasin form a new sponge after a Überdauerungszeit of at least two to three months.

Swell

• Gemmula in Dictionary of Biology ( CD -ROM version ). Oxford University Press, 2003.

• Anatomy (eddy lots)
• Spongiologie