Gemshorn

The Gemshorn is a played in the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 16th century beak flute, whose body is made from an animal horn. There are no originals obtained from the time in which it was used. However, presence are illustrations, " getutscht Musica and außgezogen " especially in the Sebastian Virdung of 1511th gemshorns are usually made ​​from a cow horn. Reconstructions of the Gemshorns are now built again for the performance of early music.

The Gemshorn grabs quite similar to the recorder, but acts as a stopped pipe. This allows you to play games at lower Recorder relatively comfortable fingering. Equal depth recorders (bass, great bass, sub-bass ) in contrast, are very large and unwieldy. This result is the bubbles not possible, which has a relatively low range of just over an octave result. The Gemshorn is also in addressing a real recorder: double, triple and flutter tonguing (eg with embellishments ) possible.

There are a plethora of games that can be run on Gemshörnern, such as the Liber Fridolini Sichery, so by composers such as Isaac, Ockeghem, Obrecht, Agricola etc.. Practically every piece of the " Parisian dance book" of 1530 by Pierre Attaingnant the Gemshorn is used mostly as an ensemble instrument.

History

" Getutscht and außgezogen Musica " of Sebastian Virdung In two gemshorns are ready, probably in the middle range. In the " Syntagma Musicum " Michael Praetorius 1619 the Gemshorn is no longer mentioned. Today you can find gemshorns occasionally in the Bavarian Stubenmusi (genuine Bavarian folk music ).

Construction is the Gemshorn today, especially in sizes soprano in C with the range c'- d'', Alto in F, with the range f - g ', tenor in C with the tonal range c -d' and bass in F with the range Fg These are uncommon sopranino in F, Great Bass in C and sub-bass in F on. Historically, the mood in C / F is as unlikely as the use of extreme vocal ranges.

Method of construction

The Gemshorn consists of a hollowed-out animal horns, in whose broad end the labium is cut. In addition, the finger holes are drilled as in the Recorder in the instrument. The opening is closed with a beak tip of gypsum and is provided with a leather cover, wherein a wind tunnel is created. Some instrument makers offer instruments with a beak made ​​of wood.

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