Georg Klaus

Georg Klaus ( born December 28, 1912 in Nuremberg, † 29 July 1974 in Berlin) was a German philosopher, logician, cybernetician, professor and chess players and chess official.

Life

Klaus was the third son of the iron molder Georg Heinrich Klaus. In 1932 he began studying mathematics at the University of Erlangen. During this time he became a member of the KPD. Because of his political activities he was arrested in 1933 and convicted of high treason. He spent two years in prison at the Nuremberg prison cells and three years thereafter protective custody until 1939 in the Dachau concentration camp. After his release, he worked in pencil factories in Nuremberg (Faber -Castell pencil or goose ).

In 1943 he was drafted into the Wehrmacht and used on the Eastern Front. Because of a pulmonary shot, he spent a long time in the hospital. In 1945 he came to the western front in Allied hands. After his release, he was 1945/46, director of the publishing Thuringian people in Sonneberg ( Thuringia), in September 1945, he was district chairman of the KPD and SED 1946 in Sonneberg. 1946/47, he then attended the Party School Karl Marx of the SED and was then secretary of the SED - country line Thuringia.

In 1947 he resumed his studies in Jena on again and graduated in 1948 as Dr.paed. of educational sciences from. After a lecturer and his habilitation he became professor in 1950 in Jena for Dialectical and Historical Materialism. In 1953 he moved to the Humboldt -University Berlin (HUB), where he was director of the Institute of Philosophy. At the same time he took over the chair of logic and epistemology ( had at the time of the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel occupied ). In 1959 he moved to the German Academy of Sciences ( Academy of Sciences of the GDR ), where he took over the management of the job " philosophy Historical Texts". At the same time Hermann Ley began in the wake of the Institute of Philosophy of the HUB with the construction of the new Chair Philosophical problems of the sciences, actively supported by the later Professor Herbert Hörz.

Under the leadership of Klaus and the continuously growing number of staff (initially about 20, most recently about 140 employees) it was developing the Institute of Philosophy at the Academy (most recently " Central Institute of Philosophy " of the Academy ). 1961 Klaus was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences. Klaus was married twice. From his first marriage with Maria he had a daughter, Marianne. In his second marriage, his wife Elfriede brought two daughters. The longest time the family lived in Berlin suburbs, most recently in Berlin Wilhelm Hagen.

Work areas

For philosophical concerns of Georg Klaus was the connection of his philosophy with modern science. He had recognized that there were significant residues in the philosophical reception in this area. Great difficulty was the Marxist philosophy in the middle of the 20th century with a materialist understanding of mathematics and logic, with recent results of physics (for example, to space and time) as well as disciplines such as semiotics and cybernetics. From his intensive study of modern logic, cybernetics, semiotics, and with a general methodology of the sciences explained. His work in this area included always reject unscientific and dogmatic philosophical interpretations of scientific results.

From 1954 to Klaus held at the Institute of Philosophy at the Humboldt University of Berlin a two-semester lecture on philosophical logic, which he understood their modern, designated as mathematical logic form below logic. This lecture formed the basis for his later, in several, increasingly improved and expanded editions published writings on modern logic (see plants). Within this lecture, Klaus developed a sharp polemic against philosophical misconceptions of modern logic, such as the formal logic in the sense of David Hilbert. His rigorous assessments of work on the philosophical evaluation of logic by the Hungarian Marxist Béla Fogarasi wore him in the GDR various rebuke one.

After his move to the Academy of Sciences of the GDR, where he was first the job " philosophy Historical Texts" initiated, Klaus involved in the publishing philosophy of historical writings, which he decorated with detailed introductions and scientific annotations. Klaus had extensive knowledge of the history of philosophy. It is therefore wrong - as is often done - to see Georg Klaus alone as the " philosopher - Cybernetics ".

However, cybernetics and its subregions ( system theory, control theory, control theory, information and communication theory, game theory ) were the preferred treated by Klaus areas. In the cybernetics he is content not only with a scientific-theoretical and philosophical analysis of cybernetics and its sub- regions as well as possible applications in other disciplines, but tried to create even science policy and the organization of science prerequisites. At the academy, this led to the formation of a cybernetics Commission, which was appointed by the then Secretary-General of the academy. The management of this commission, Georg Klaus, supported by his disciples Rainer Thiel and Heinz Liebscher. The Commission together with well-known scientists of the GDR, on whose fields the cybernetic and information science thinking seemed to promise scientific progress. The science-policy objective in the work of the Commission was to draw up a detailed memorandum, research status and future requirements in relation to the use of cybernetic thinking should be covered.

1963, Klaus with the contribution Untapped treasures. Epistemological aspects of the so-called gifted theory in the weekly Sunday, No. 20, in the GDR the rethinking one of a hitherto purely environmentally certain way of looking at a more complex.

Parallel to his epistemological and methodological studies Georg Klaus has sought to develop its philosophy to contribute to the dialectic materialism and sought to lift them to the level of the natural and social sciences of the 20th century. A key contribution represented edited by Klaus and initiated by him and Manfred Buhr Philosophical Dictionary, the obtained even beyond the borders of the GDR also validity. A similar role in the German-speaking countries played a dictionary of cybernetics.

Chess

In 1928, Klaus Member of workers chess club Nuremberg. For the Frankish newspaper Daily Mail, he led the charge chess corner. Following the forced dissolution of the workers chess clubs, he was a member of the middle-class chess club Noris Nürnberg. Here he was 1933 team champion of francs.

1942 Klaus is surprising second in the rating tournament in Regensburg, which he qualified for the United German Championship in Bad Oeynhausen. Here he finished tied for second place ( behind Ludwig Rellstab ). In 1943, he reached the fourth place in the 4 chess masters tournament of the General Government in Bad Krynica. Here, a victory over Bogolyubov he succeeds.

1953/54, was Klaus President of the Chess Section of the GDR.

In 1953 he remisierte as nachgerückter participants of a competition DDR - Bulgaria in Sofia.

Between his interest in chess and his philosophical works, there are points of contact, so he called the former world chess champion Emanuel Lasker as a precursor of game theory.

Works (selection)

  • The epistemological Isomorphierelation (1948, Diss )
  • Nuclear power - nuclear war? (together with Peter Porst ) 1949, 1 to 1950, 4th Edition
  • Preface to Kant, I.: Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens. Berlin 1955, Philosophical Library 3, pp. 5-36
  • The discoveries made by Carl Friedrich Gauss in the field of geometry and its philosophical significance. Structure 11 (1955 ) 6, 120-134
  • Lucretius Carus. Structure 11 (1955 ) 10, 890-897
  • Introduction to: Lucretius: On the Nature of Things. Berlin 1957, Philosophical Library 12, pp. 5-21
  • Lecture on philosophical and social problems of cybernetics (1957 )
  • Jesuits, God, matter - of the Jesuit priest Weather revolt contradict reason and science (1957 )
  • Introduction to Formal Logic (1958, 2nd edition 1959); Modern logic. Demolition of formal logic (1964 1; 7th ed 1973)
  • Cybernetics in philosophical perspective (1961 to 1965 1 4th Edition )
  • Introduction to Kant, I.: The early writings of Immanuel Kant - their history of philosophy and history of science significance. (1961 ), pp. VII- XCVII
  • About the existence of cybernetic systems in society (together with Rainer Thiel ). Dt. Journal of Philosophy ( 1962) 1, pp. 22-57
  • Semiotics and epistemology (1963 1st to 4th ed 1973)
  • Cybernetics and Society (1964 1st to 3rd edition, 1973)
  • Georg Klaus, Manfred Buhr (ed.): Philosophical Dictionary. 2 vols, Bibliographical Institute, Leipzig, 1964 ( 10 neubearb. U ext. Edition, 1974)
  • The power of the word. An epistemological and pragmatic treatise. 1964 1st to 6th ed 1972
  • Special theory of knowledge. Principles of scientific theory (1965 )
  • What is what is cybernetics? (together with Heinz Liebscher ) (1966, 1 to 1974, 9th edition )
  • Sense, law and progress in history (together with Hans Schulze ) 1967
  • Game theory in philosophical point of view (1968 )
  • Language of politics (1971 )
  • Cybernetics and epistemology (1966 1st to 5th edition 1972)
  • Cybernetics, a new universal philosophy of society? (1973)
  • Rationality - Integration - information. Laws of development of science in our time (1974 )
  • Systems - information - strategies (together with Heinz Liebscher ) ( 1974)
  • Philosophy Historical treatises. Copernicus - D ' Alembert - Condillac - Kant ( 1977) ( ed. by Manfred Buhr )
  • Contributions to philosophical problems of the individual sciences ( 1978) ( ed. by Heinz Liebscher )
  • Remarks on the present state of Marxist philosophy in the GDR and the prospects of its further development (1968 ) (as * Text from the estate in: Eckardt 2002: 127-142 )
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