Geotagging
Under geotagging, geocoding or even geo- imaging, one understands with photographic images, the assignment of geographic coordinates. As points in an electronic map can be the so- georeferenced images easier then search and select.
Application
Is used the photo - localization in spatial planning and tourism, environmental planning, transport and civil protection. A common and consistent application example is the time-saving illustrating a procedure established in a city map city tour with pictures of interesting historical buildings. Another focus in the use of Geo - Imaging is environmental protection. Special habitat maps can be time saving provided with current detail shots. Now, if such cards over a longer period created, changes in habitat can be very easily represent.
Technology
The geographical coordinates of the recording viewpoint can be determined directly while shooting with a GPS receiver or later tapped from a map. With special hardware they are directly while shooting, otherwise later on the computer to the metadata (Exif ) of the images added.
Localization directly at admission
Advantage of direct localization is the low error rates and low labor costs by optimizing the geo- imaging process. GPS -enabled digital cameras are required for storing the coordinates directly when taking pictures. Nikon introduced in 2001 with the D1H D1X and one of the first digital cameras with GPS interface. A distinction must be models that capture your location information via externally -connected GPS logger and those with built-in GPS function. The latter includes the Ricoh Caplio 500SE and the Nikon Coolpix P6000. Meanwhile, GPS is integrated themselves into small travel cameras, such as the Panasonic Lumix DMC- TZ10. Various PDAs or mobile phones that are equipped with a camera and GPS functionality, you can also enter natively or by using special software or patching the existing software GPS values in the Exif data. This is for example the PDA HTC P3300 ( XDA Orbit, MDA Compact III ), HTC P3600 (HTC Trinity, VPA Compact GPS ) and the HTC TyTN II (MDA Vario III, VPA Compact V ), the Apple iPhone 3G and later, Nokia N96 and the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic possible. If mounting a special photo - GPS on the hot shoe can be stated with integrated electronic compass in addition the direction of view of the image.
Subsequent positioning by GPS log
If the coordinates are added later, it is necessary to record GPS tracks while taking pictures. For this you can use outdoor GPS devices with log function of the route, GPS - PDAs with log program or dedicated GPS logger. Using software can be the coordinates of the track then assign the images on the timestamp. Common errors resulting from a lack of balance of camera time and GPS time stamp. Therefore, one should compare the times before use, or (even later ) photograph the time display of the GPS device or a radio clock to compensate for the time difference can.
Subsequent localization Map
With various programs can also be subsequently perform a localization of individual images. For this purpose, the desired position on the map is determined and added to the coordinates of the image. Some web solutions like locr, Panoramio, Picasa offer this feature. In the Desktop area, there are solutions of Digikam (Linux, MacOS, Windows) and Picasa as well as the freeware program GeoSetter (see links).
Representation of the GPS photos
On various websites, the geocoded images to display on a map. Among the providers of these services include Flickr, locr, Panoramio, Picasa. As a desktop solution integrates your Google Earth images of a web service Panoramio. locr evaluates besides the GPS information stored in the image of compass information and displays it on the map. Without installing software can be directly displayed on the website of the camera or object location at silverpeaks.de.
Geotagging for photo management and search
The image management Digikam allows using the plugin "Map Search Tool " filtering local image collections selecting a rectangle on an electronic map.