German nationalism in Austria
German nationalism is a political movement in Austria, dating back to the Linz program, which in 1882 called for a closer integration of the German- Austrian in Austria - Hungary to the German Reich. In the Habsburg Monarchy, this flow was anchored in the German national movement.
As a result of the so-called port of 1938 Austria was part of the National Socialist German Reich under Adolf Hitler. After the Second World War and state separation from the German Empire or the re-establishment of the Republic of Austria as a sovereign state people were referred to as " German national" who demanded that Austria's political approach to the Federal Republic of Germany and thus rejection of the Austrian nation, and contrary to the official demarcation policy of Austria stood.
History
The German nationalism was fragmented in the second half of the 19th century into different groups that had as a common denominator anti-clerical, anti-Semitic and large German ideas.
This was " Linz Programme " held in the policy document, which was drawn up in Linz in 1882, among others, by the politicians Victor Adler, Karl Lueger and Georg von Schönerer. By 1885 drifted apart the movement, as Schönerer revised the policy paper and an Aryan paragraph added. From the late 1880s the Linz program was held up only by supporters of Schonerer. Basically German national but were also the followers of the " United German Left ", the " People's Party ", the "German Agrarian Party ," the " German Workers Party " and the " German Radical Party ", a spin-off of the Schönerianern set.
In the interwar period in 1920 was constituted in Salzburg the great German People's Party ( gdpv ), which was an association of 17 German national groupings. The " immutable guiding star " of this party was the connection to Germany. The establishment of the gdpv and the smaller country Bunds as the third force in the Republic, however, was significantly smaller than the other two camps of Social Democracy and Christian Democracy, led to the term "third camp", which is now often used as a synonym for the German national camp use place.
After 1938, the port was reached with the German Empire, it came from 1938 to 1945 to cover de facto equality of the Nazi Party and German national camp.
After the Second World War, the term German nationalism was initially discredited by the Nazi regime. Due to the fact that many representatives of the German national camp were as former Nazis until 1949 politically incapable of action ( former Nazi party members were barred until 1949 from any political activity and had no right to vote ), became the German nationalism to the ideology of outsiders.
The VdU and later the FPÖ were worn by those (especially beating student organizations ) came from the German national camp and its organizations. In the basic program of the Freedom Party of 1956 is of a general and non-binding belonging to the " German cultural community " is mentioned. Although both the Austria - patriotism was taken at certain points, especially after the 1945 was the antithesis of German nationalism, the FPÖ their most politicians still recruited from the German national camp. In addition, a very defensive attitude towards non-German minorities such as the Carinthian Slovenes was carried to days ( → place-name dispute ), later also to migration and European integration.
At the same time the German national corporation being experienced in the 1950s and 60s, a significant upturn, which decreased only with the opening and democratization of the universities. Representative of this is the decline of the RFS, which dropped at the student union elections from 32% in 1953 to 2 % in 1987.
Today, the German nationalism represents only 17% of the core constituency of the Freedom Party, as the party since the rise of Jörg Haider mid-1980s more and more to the right-wing populism tends (→ constituencies of the FPÖ ).
From the German nationalism of Austria to the ethnic nationalism of Germany
During the German nationalism in Austria front hand a merger of the "German " inside and outside the existing borders of the Reich had in mind, would the resultant from the German nationalism ethnic nationalism rather an exclusion of all " non-Germans " in Germany. Nobility and bourgeoisie could not agree with her appeal to ancestral privileges to a common denominator that would distract from the mutual rivalries.
The ethnic embossed nationalism recruited after unification in 1871 on one side of the anti-liberal upper-class forces, who together formed approximately in the German Conservative Party and tended to the preservation of aristocratic privileges and to protectionism, on the other side of the petty bourgeoisie, the dissatisfied with the emancipation were disadvantaged. The German National Retail Clerks Association since 1893 was a nationalist and anti-Semitic white-collar union, which turned not only against Jewish emancipation, but also as against the emancipation of women.
After the First World War, conservatives of both camps in the German National People's Party merged ( DNVP ), which fought against the constitution of the Weimar Republic. Nevertheless, the DNVP participated in several governments with the People's Party and the center. In March 1933, they formed a coalition with the NSDAP and was disbanded a few months later.