Gerónimo de Santa Fe
Joshua ben Josef Lorki, even Joshua Halorki (* in Lorca, † 1419 ) was a Jewish doctor who and then as Jerónimo de Santa Fe fierce polemic converted to Christianity against Judaism.
Life
Lorki was a student of Solomon ha -Levi ( Paul de Santa Maria). For Don Benveniste de la Cavalleria, he wrote in Arabic a treatise on plants, herbs and their therapeutic application. It was translated into Hebrew by Don Vidal Joseph.
As Lorkis teachers Solomon ha -Levi in 1391 converted to Christianity, Lorki wrote a letter to him and regretted it the conversion. The letter contained arguments against the Messiahship of Jesus and other Christian dogmas.
Probably under the influence of Vincent Ferrer joined Lorki itself in 1412 to Christianity. Inspired by the church father Jerome he called Jerónimo ( Hieronymus de Sancta Fide ). Shortly after his baptism, he was involved in the initiation and implementation of Zwangsdisputation of Tortosa.
Lorki wrote two anti-Jewish polemics, Contra perfidiam Judaeorum where va the coming of the Messiah is treated, and in August 1412 in Latin and Hebrew, De Judaeis erroribus ex Talmuth [o Talmudim ] improbitur, et dicitur liber contra errores Judaeorum which several Talmud points are treated.
Disputation of Tortosa
This forced " colloquy " ( Wikkuach, defense ) was probably a continuation of the Spanish persecutions of 1391 and the subsequent forced baptisms. . Was located on one and a half years from 1413 to 1414 was convened by the antipope Benedict XIII. ; Disputationsort was the palace of the archbishop, after hearings followed correspondence.
Lorki acted as representatives of the Christian accusation. Basis of the defense was his treatise on "Jewish error " in or out of the Talmud. The Jewish representatives, including the most important Jewish scholars of Aragon, about Joseph Albo had to respond to the allegations and not have their own freedom of speech. The Christian party, represented by Bertrand and Alvarez d' Alarcon, one also followed around by Pablo Christiani presented in Barcelona in 1263 line of argument to demonstrate the supposed prophecies about the Messiah in the Talmud and Midrashim in and wanted to refer to Jesus. Not in any case the Talmudic Haggadah were not binding, even the Messiah Faith: The Jewish representatives also followed the line of argument already in Barcelona, here pursued by Nahmanides.
The results of the disputation were published in the papal bull Etsi Doctoris Gentium. It included a partial Talmudic prohibition, restrictions on the job, further segregation and the duty several times a year to listen to Christian sermons. The demoralization among the Jews was great. Thousands were baptized in the sequence. The output was a harbinger of the expulsion of the Jews from Spain.
Reception
Because of its anti-Jewish polemic Lorki was also called M'gadef ( heretics ), a corruption, formed from the initial letters of Maestre de Gerónimo (Santa ) Fe.
Benedict XIII. was deposed at the Council of Constance in 1415. Since then, Lorki hardly had any influence. His two anti-Semitic tracts were widely spread in Europe. They are preserved in four manuscripts and printed in Zurich in 1468 in Augsburg and in 1552 in A. and R. Gesnerus Wiesenbachus, and in 1602 in Frankfurt, under the title Hebraeomastix, vindex impietatis et perfidiae judaicae quo deteguntur ac firmissimis argumentis refutantur enormous et nefarii Judaeorum eorumque Talmud errores atque superstitiones, mostly short Hebraomastix ( hostage of the Jews ), herein incorporated with a side dish of Nicholas of Lyra, De probatione adventus Christi by scripturas a Judaeis espanola ( 1309), and was also in the Bibliotheca maxima Patrum veterum.
Works
- Contra perfidiam Judaeorum
- De Judaeis erroribus ex Talmut ( Hebraeomastix ) Jerónimo de Santa Fe: El tratatado ' De iudaicis erroribus ex Talmut, introduced and annotated by Moisés Orfali, Madrid 1987.
- Jerónimo de Santa Fe: Errores y falsedades del Talmud, ed. Carlos del Valle, Obras Completas, Volume 1, Madrid 2006, ISBN 84-88324 -26- X