Geum rivale
Water Avens ( Geum rival )
The Avens ( Geum rival ) is a plant of the genus cloves Wurzen ( Geum ) in the rose family ( Rosaceae ). The specific epithet rival means " growing by the stream ".
Description
The Avens grows as overwintering green, perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth of usually 20 to 60 (10 to 70) centimeters. It is formed a horizontal, monopodial branched rhizome. The ascending, loosely branched stem is hairy increasingly glandular somewhat reddish, and upward and carries several flowers. The basal leaves are long-petiolate and interrupted pinnate, with a large terminal leaflet. The upper leaves are simple or lobed, the lobes are coarsely toothed.
The flowering period extends from April to July. Besides hermaphrodite flowers, there are purely male flowers or purely male specimens; the Water Avens is so andromonözisch and androdiözisch. There is a brown - red outer calyx. The nodding flowers are fünfzählig. They have about the same long bloom: outside reddish ( purple - brown ) sepals and rarely usually 8 to 10 to 15 mm long petals that are yellow on the inside and on the edge reddish. The hermaphrodite and male flowers have more than ten (many ) stamens. The hakige stylus is bipartite and remains on the receive.
The floral axis is stretched and extended significantly to maturity. The collecting fruit is erect in contrast to bloom. The flowering occur 60 to 80 Nut Free fruits that grow in each case after the flowering period by strong extension of the pen to a length of 12 mm. The stylus is slightly above the center hook-shaped curved and hairy tail feather -like in the lower part. The above the hook located also hairy part of the pen breaks just before the ripening above the woody outwardly directed hook by means of a release fabric from.
Ecology
The Avens is a Hemikryptophyt and a half rosette plant. Vegetative reproduction occurs through the rhizome, which contains clove oil.
Biologically flowers is " bluebells with sticky pollen ." The nectar is deposited between the stamens. Pollinators are especially bumblebees, bees and hoverflies, the latter as pollen collectors. In addition, the flowers of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) to be visited, the commit burglary flowers by biting of the flowers between the sepals.
The spread of the Velcro Velcro fruit is mainly spread through the hook on the fish hook principle. Because of the pubescence of the lower part pen but a spread as a spring tail flyer is possible even with strong winds, which is advantageous especially in the mountains. Fruit ripening from July to September.
Occurrence
The Avens has a circumpolar distribution. It is lacking in Europe only in the Mediterranean. As sites are moist and wet meadows, ditches, banks, riparian forests and other moist forests and tall herb communities with sickernassen, nutrient-rich soils preferred. The Avens penetrates into the Alps to 2000 meters above sea level. The Avens is considered nutrient indicator and preferably cool - humid climate.
In Austria, the Avens is often up scattered, montane to subalpine widespread in all provinces with the exception of Vienna and the Burgenland. In Germany it is spread relatively steadily to more complex gaps in the northwest. In Switzerland it is widespread throughout the area and often.
Use as a medicinal plant
The Avens is a drug called Gei rivali radix in folk medicine still occasionally like the real avens, Geum urbanum used. The tannin content is approximately equivalent, which he only very slightly from germicidal eugenol in the essential oil.
In naturopathy is of her as the genuine Avens ( Geum urbanum ) used the root. They both have antibacterial, diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory and astringent ( astringent ) and are used for stomach / intestinal diseases and febrile infections. Triterpenes and flavonoids are responsible for the antibacterial effect. The " rhizome " (it is meant the rhizome ) was used as a substitute when cooking clove and flavored liqueurs also; the leaves can be used in salads etc..
Trivial names
Common names: Bach Benedict, blood droplets, for God 's bread, heart Wurz, Capuchin, Benedict water, water Wurz, Kaminfegerchen.
Flower of the Year 2007
The Avens was supported by the Nature Conservation Foundation Hamburg Foundation for the protection of endangered plants chaired by Loki Schmidt for "Flower of the Year 2007" chosen to provide a representative of the wetland flora in the public spotlight and on nature conservation issues for the respective habitats (before noted extensively managed wetlands ): everything.