Giacomo Antonelli
Giacomo Antonelli ( born April 2, 1806 Sonnino, † November 6, 1876 in Rome) was Cardinal Secretary of State of the Papal States.
Life
Giacomo Antonelli, born of the Neapolitan frontier, came from a wealthy family, came when he was born in 1819 destroyed by the papal police as a notorious den of thieves, to Rome and entered here in the Major Seminary, where he soon distinguished himself by his talents.
After receiving the lowly ordinations and the higher ordination as deacon by Pope Gregory XVI moved. near him and appointed him for the statesmanlike career. Antonelli was raised to the prelates, then worked as an assessor to the Supreme Criminal Court, later as a delegate in Orvieto, Viterbo and Macerata and 1844 for the second treasurer in finance in 1845 but the Grand Treasurer (Finance Minister) was in 1841 Undersecretary of State in the administration of the Interior, appointed. When Pius IX. ascended the papal throne, he went eagerly to its liberal reform efforts and soon gained a decisive influence on this.
On June 12, 1847 Antonelli received the cardinal's hat, and at the same time he joined the first formal Council of Ministers, with the formation of which Pope Pius IX. political reforms opened. As early March 1848 was the formation of a mixed secular and religious members of the Ministry, Antonelli took over the presidency. While the Pope on March 14 proclaimed a state constitution, Antonelli flattered the national mood by sending the 10,000 -strong papal army to the northern border, from where the corps marched in support of the Piedmontese in Lombardy.
After the surrender of the Roman troops on 16 June 1848 Vicenza, the Pope assured on Antonelli's insistence that he had not sent his troops to fight the Austrians. Since then, Antonelli operational connection to Austria and the maximum restoration of the old state. The reluctance of the people on this waste of the national cause commented so threatening that Antonelli and his colleagues had to make a new ministry 's Square in Rome. Antonelli was now the secret leader and counselor to the Pope, who initially relied on his advice the Count Pellegrino Rossi instead of Terenzio Mamiani. Antonelli was also available on the Quirinal the Pope moved to the attack of the People on November 25, 1848 to flee to Gaeta, where he was invested with the dignity of Secretary of State.
After the restoration of papal power on 15 July 1849, the French intervention Antonelli, who had returned on April 12, 1850 the Pope to Rome occurred at the tip of the newly established State Council, reorganized the administration, pursued his political opponents on the hardest and introduced a strict absolutist police regiment. All reminders of the forces of moderation and contemporary reforms he had stubbornly back, also understood to no concession to the national aspirations of the Italians prepared and accompanied the spoliation of the Papal States by the new kingdom of Italy with impotent protests. The ecclesiastical policy of Pius IX. he supported through his skillful written notes. From 1868 until his death he was cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Via Lata.
Even though he himself - internally frivolous and religiously indifferent - would sometimes liked to show yielding from worldly wisdom, and thereby secured the favor of the powers, so he did not particularly lose his position and his power yet and therefore yielded to the wishes of the Pope. He died on 6 November 1876 in Rome, leaving behind a considerable fortune, is on the " not a scandal -free process " between an alleged daughter Antonellis, Countess Lambertini, and his relatives relaxing.
Footnotes
- Secretary of State (Vatican )
- Cardinal (19th Century )
- Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Spain )
- Italian
- Born in 1806
- Died in 1876
- Man