Gianfranco Fini
Gianfranco Fini ( born January 3, 1952 in Bologna ) is an Italian politician. From 2008 to 2013 he was President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies.
From 2004 to 2006 he was Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 2008 Chairman of the Party National Alliance ( AN) of the neo-fascist party Movimento Sociale Italiano ( MSI) in 1995 emerged and in March 2009, part of the party Popolo della Libertà ( PdL ) was. Since late 2010, he stands in front of the newly established liberal- conservative party Futuro e Libertà per l' Italia.
Life
In 1969, at age 17 Fini joined the MSI, because he, as he told often, the Communists had denied entry to the cinema. On display was " Green Berets ", a " ode " to the Vietnam War. For five years he headed the youth wing of the far-right MSI, the Fronte della Gioventù, and wrote at the same time for the party newspaper Il Secolo d' Italia. He became Crown Prince of Neofaschistenführers Giorgio Almirante, a former henchman of Benito Mussolini.
Transformation from fascists to conservative Democrats
1987 Fini came as the successor Almirantes to the top of MSI. The " Roman salute" with highly drawn arm lost under Fini important, and he brought his party friends to leave the black shirts in the closet. He succeeded the neo-fascist MSI, which for decades was positioned at the far right edge of the Italian political landscape and international isolation accordingly, in the conservative legal movement National Alliance (AN) to convert the claims to now was based on the French Gaullists. Anti-Semitism and fascism open nostalgia have since been taboo, even if they are still widely used at the base. As recently as 1994 designated Fini 's former dictator Benito Mussolini as "the greatest statesman of the century". Today, wants nothing to do Italy's former foreign minister of it: " Mussolini has an authoritarian regime allows. I would now what I said then, say no more. In fact, I have not said it. "This new image of the party is democratic, liberal- conservative and nationally. He is now called "post fascist and a Democrat " and tried to open up the middle. Most Italians found a poll conducted by Finis transformation from neo-fascists to the democratic constitutional conservatives to the satisfaction of the Social Democrats and Communists, he continues to be heavily criticized.
In 2003, he called fascism on a visit to Israel with respect to participation in the Holocaust a " part of the absolute evil", visited the Holocaust memorial Yad Vashem in Jerusalem and complained publicly about the lack of resistance of the Italians against the " shameful racial laws ". "Given the horror of the Shoah, the Holocaust, one feels deeply the obligation to keep the memories alive and to do everything possible to prevent in the future that even a single person happens to what the Nazis did to the entire Jewish people," Fini so on. Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon called Fini a "good and friendly leader ".
The former concentration camp Auschwitz had already visited the new Italian Foreign Minister in 1999. Some party members was too much, as the granddaughter of the " Duce ", Alessandra Mussolini, the " a politician without heart and soul " called Fini. Alessandra Mussolini, and many more members made Fini accused to be driven more by career ambitions than of beliefs, and left the party. The Alternativa Sociale founded by Mussolini is now the party of the " hard core " of the former MSI, with shares of votes less than one percent (eg in the 2004 European elections ), after the merger of AT with the Forza Italia were split again, some members under leadership of Francesco Storace from and founded the party La Destra. However, particularly young AN- members welcomed Finis publicly staged break with the past, while older members as Mirko Tremaglia the fascist past did not want to condemn altogether. In the municipalities they govern streets are named after sizes of the Fascist regime and it will be funded meetings, which are to be finally happened to fascism " historical justice ". Between fascism and anti-fascism there is a third option, called " A- fascism." The end of the insulation of the National also showed the government involvement in the Berlusconi government from 2001, which was far less critical than that of the right-wing nationalist Freedom Party in Austria, which drew even sanctions of the European Union itself.
His political opponents surprised the eloquent and always neatly dressed Fini again. Around 2003 when he demanded the right to vote for immigrants - a proposal that is otherwise rather support of Italy's left-wing parties. Nevertheless, he allowed himself "slip" as statements about the " Italian " Coast of Croatia (see irredentism ).
Do not forget is his neo-fascist past in South Tyrol; it occurred during the last municipal election campaign in Bolzano, where nationalist parties recorded regularly good election results at the Italian ethnic group in front of the Victory Monument.
In the parliamentary elections of 1994 the AN received 13.5 percent of the vote and became the third strongest party in 1996 has even scored 15.7, which has to do on the right since the collapse of the traditional Christian Democrats also with the vacuum 1993, which of Berlusconi Forza Italia could not be completely filled. In the parliamentary elections on 13 May 2001, the AN received 12 percent of the vote. Prior to 1992, the post-fascists had always receive about five to seven percent of the vote, since they establish with 12 % as a " third force " in addition to the national leadership of the Left, the Forza Italia and before the centrist Margherita.
Berlusconi government
On 18 November 2004 Fini was appointed by Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi to the Secretary of State. He was appointed to the successor of the European Commission Franco Frattini. His appointment was widely expected and marked Finis previous high point in his political career. Fini had previously been deputy prime minister without portfolio. The item crowned Finis transformation from self-styled post- fascists to a respected, majority capable politician. In turn, said to have agreed Fini controversial tax cuts. A change of Italian foreign policy was not expected by the commentators of the media. "We 're back! " This was the central message Finis and Berlusconi to their own people. Italy was oriented foreign policy sharply to the United States. In Iraq, Italy, stationed 3,000 troops accordingly.
Fini has worked as a representative of Italy to the European Constitution, thus strengthening his reputation as a committed European. However, his ideal was a " Europe of nations " (see also Charles de Gaulle). But Fini snubbed 2003, the EU by quite contrary to the official foreign policy of the Community the Israeli construction of the Wall endorsed as "legitimate Selbstverteidigungsakt ".
In the parliamentary elections of 2006 Fini joined nationwide as a top candidate of his party, which took even his name as a party symbol. Fini has explained that he wanted to be prime minister if he receives one more vote than Silvio Berlusconi, who began as the leading candidate in all constituencies. The choice won the Social Democratic opposition led by Romano Prodi, the AN received 12.3 % of votes.
After the clear electoral victory of Berlusconi's new party Alliance Il Popolo della Libertà in the parliamentary elections in 2008 Gianfranco Fini was (335 of 611 votes) elected at the inaugural meeting of the Italian Chamber of Deputies on 30 April 2008 at the fourth ballot with the votes of the new majority to the President.
Although Fini stressed the equitable management of the company created by merger of AT with the Forza Italia party in March 2009 Il Popolo della Libertà, he took with regard to his non-partisan Office of the President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies not a party office.
As the end of 2009 appeared the political end of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi possible have been calls by Fini. The time wrote: " There are strong indications that Fini not want to wait another three years before he can seize power in the party and in the country. He suspects that it might be too late for him and his project. Farewell to the equally anti-democratic as anachronistic cult of leadership and building a modern, European-oriented, conservative party "
In April 2010, Fini and Berlusconi delivered a much-publicized public slugfest in which Fini, Berlusconi accused an authoritarian style of leadership and had threatened to set up their own wing of the PdL. On 29 July 2010, the party executive of the PdL passed a resolution, who testified that cooperation with Fini was no longer possible. In addition, Berlusconi asked Fini to resign from the office of President of Parliament. In response trailer Finis founded on July 30, 2010, a new group with the name Futuro e Libertà. Per l' Italia ( Future and Freedom for Italy) in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Senate, although they remain in the government coalition, but did not support laws for personal gain Berlusconi.
The affair Monte Carlo and the press campaign against Fini
In August 2010, after the founding of the Group of Futuro e Libertà, led the center-right newspaper "Il Giornale ", " Libero " and " Panorama" a sharp press campaign against Fini by. The focus of the campaign was an apartment in Monte Carlo, the National Alliance had inherited from the Countess Anna Maria Colleoni. The apartment was sold in 2008 to an offshore company based on the island of St. Lucia by the National Alliance. The sales price was 300,000 euros. 2010 was leased to the entrepreneur Giancarlo Tulliani, the brother of Finis girlfriend Elisabetta Tulliani the apartment.
On July 30, was reimbursed by Francesco Storace, the chairman of the party La Destra and former member of the National Alliance, a criminal complaint. The Prosecutor's Office of Rome opened a new investigation against unknown persons.
The Berlusconi related newspaper "Il Giornale " and " Libero " claimed Giancarlo Tulliani was the real owner of the apartment, which was sold on behalf of the National Alliance to a value well below the actual border price Fini. Tulliani was still the real owner of the offshore company, which bought the apartment from the National Alliance. On September 25, 2010 Fini said in a video message: " If it should arise that the apartment in Monte Carlo is one of Giancarlo Tulliani, I, as President of the Chamber of Deputies would resign. "
On 26 October 2010 the Prosecutor's Office of Rome called for the setting of the investigation.
On 27 January 2011 Foreign Minister Franco Frattini announced that the island of St. Lucia government had officially confirmed that Giancarlo Tulliani the owner of the company was, which included the apartment. The prosecutor stated that the contents of the official documents that had been sent by the Government of St. Lucia to Italy, is not relevant to the determination.
The campaign of newspaper "Il Giornale " and " Libero " dealt not only with the affair Monte Carlo, but also with many shops of the lawyer and real estate entrepreneur Elisabetta Tulliani, Finis girlfriend, and his family.
"Il Giornale " reported by a television production company called Absolute TV Media, which according to the newspaper for 51% of housewife Francesca wife, the mother of Elisabetta Tulliani, was one that had nothing to do with the world of television. The production house got an order from the state television RAI, by which it had earned over a million euros.
In the parliamentary elections in Italy in 2013 Fini supported the candidacy of Mario Monti. With only 0.46% Futuro e Libertà his party but missed a place in the Chamber of Deputies, so that Fini had to give up his parliamentary seat.
Family
In the eighties Fini Daniela Di Sotto got to know who was at that time married to Sergio Mariani, a friend of Fini and a member of his party. Daniela Di Sotto separated from Mariani and married Fini. 1985 was born their only daughter, Giuliana. Fini and his wife separated in 2007.
After separation, the relationship between Fini and Elisabetta Tulliani (born 1972 ), former life partner of football entrepreneur Luciano Gaucci was made known. The couple has two daughters, Carolina and Martina.
Awards
- 2002: Grand Gold Medal with Ribbon for Services to the Republic of Austria
- 2005: Knight of the Order of Pius
- 2005: Grand Officer of the Order of Three -star