Glissando

The term glissando (also glissato, glisscato, glissicando; "slide" from the French glisser derived ) refers to the continuous music (moving ) changing the pitch.

Instrument -specific subdivision

Glissandi ( " true" glissando ) are over a larger interval of time only possible with musical instruments that are not fixed to particular sounds. These include

  • String instruments without frets
  • Guitar with the help of a Bottlenecks
  • Confederation lots representative of the read
  • Guitars
  • Bass

The glissando with timpani is a widely used technique in modern percussion composition. The bass drum is played while the vocal pedal is depressed.

For other woodwind and brass wind instruments, the pitch is usually pre-defined by a specific extension of the wind tunnel or handle holes. Changes in pitch are possible to a limited extent, such as the clarinet by partially closed handle holes and change in the approach. These instruments include

  • Trumpet
  • Clarinet
  • Saxophone
  • Shawm
  • Zurna
  • Shehnai
  • Flute
  • Recorder
  • Harmonica

Instruments with predefined pitches that do not influence the pitch hindsight is possible, can only imitate a glissando. In addition to chromatic glissandi ( in which the tones are run in semitone steps) there is the possibility of a diatonic glissando (only sub- keys, Tonvorrat cdefgah ) and a pentatonic glissandos (only the black keys, Tonvorrat cis- It - F #- G # -B) are representative of these instruments

  • Keyboard Instruments such as piano
  • Harpsichord
  • Spinet
  • Clavichord
  • Organ

A special way of glissandos offers the double -action pedal harp. Through various pedal positions to glissandi can play up Ais minor in every key of C flat major to C major and minor of As. In addition, whole-tone and pentatonic glissandos can be played. There is also the possibility of so-called " chord glissandos " to play: For this purpose the " disturbing", chord strange notes of a scale enharmonically changed. Example: As7 has the pedal position As- His- C -Dis - E Fis -Ges. Thus, for many seventh and ninth chords and diminished seventh chords all set. In modern literature, especially in jazz, there is yet another technique, the so-called " pedal glissando ". Here, a string is plucked and immediately thereafter entered as the pedal. The melodious sound increased almost continuously by a semitone.

Notation

The glissando is recorded by means of a shaft (No. 1) or straight line ( No. 2) between the initial and final sound.

The sequences 3 and 4 show the graphic notated versions of this glissandos, as they would be playable for example on a keyboard instrument. Number 3 is a diatonic and a chromatic glissando number 4. The absolutely precise notation of a glissando is not possible as a glissando itself is continuous, but notes describe discrete pitches. Mathematically, there is a glissando of infinite shades of infinitely short duration. Alternative ways of playing are 5, wherein the glissando is doubled at the octave, and 6, in which the " root notes " of glissandos other diatonic tones are added and taken a Akkordglissando arises.

In the piano notation, the scales can also tendered and glissando with the statement, gliss. , Or gl provided.

  • Musical practice
Bowed string instrument Fretless guitar Woodwind instrument Diatonic scale C-flat major C-sharp major A-flat minor A-sharp minor
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