Glutathione synthetase

The Glutathionsynthase ( GSH -S) is the enzyme of the glutathione metabolism, which catalyzes the second step of glutathione synthesis. Glutathionsynthase is localized in most eukaryotes and bacteria in the cytosol, and is found in plants in the cytosol and in plastids. In humans, mutations in the GSS gene can lead to a deficiency in the enzyme, which has light and heavy progression ( hemolytic anemia) ..

Biochemistry

The Glutathionsynthase catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the amino group of a γ - carboxy group of a Glycinmoleküls Glutamylcysteinmoleküls and wherein glutathione is formed. The reaction is coupled to the cleavage of a molecule of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP) to adenosine diphosphate ( ADP) and phosphate.

The enzyme is inhibited by its products (negative feedback).

Structure

The Glutathionsynthase is active as a homodimer. Based on sequence comparisons, two types can be distinguished, which occur in eukaryotes and in cyanobacteria, alpha-and gamma -proteobacteria.

In streptococcal beyond occurs, a gene encoding a protein which combines the activities of Glutathionsynthase Glutamatcysteinligase and so the entire synthesis of glutathione is able to catalyze the amino acids from.

Swell

  • Entry for BRENDA
  • Noctor, G., Gomez, L., Vanacker, H., and Foyer, CH (2002). Interactions in between biosynthesis, compartmentation and transport in the control of glutathione homeostasis and signaling. In: J Exp Bot 53, 1283-1304.
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