Gniezno
Gniezno [ gɲɛznɔ ] ( German Gniezno ) is a town in Poland, which belongs to the Greater Poland Voivodeship, and is approximately 50 km east of Poznań. It is the seat of the Archdiocese of Gniezno.
- 6.1 Literature 6.1.1 Bibliography
- 6.1.2 monographs, contributions
History
Gniezno is one of the oldest cities in Poland; first human settlements already existed in the Stone Age. The first mention was made, however, only at the end of the 10th century, after the Christianization of Poland. As founder of the city is Duke Lech that turned out to a legend, on the Lech Hill "nest" (Polish gniazdo ) built like a white eagle in the tree crown above it (the white eagle can be found today on the national flag of Poland).
Middle Ages
In Gniezno is since the 8th century a castle detectable. From the 9th century, it was the political center of the gradually emerging state of the Piast dynasty. In the year 1000 it came to the act of Gniezno. Bolesław I the Brave received here Emperor Otto III. , And saw the establishment of the oldest Polish Archdiocese. 1025 Bolesław I the Brave was the first King of Poland. 1238/39 Gniezno received city rights. Until 1320 the city was the coronation of Polish kings.
Gniezno has long been the cultural center of Poland. Poland joins with this city the beginnings of his political system.
Modern Times
At the Second Partition of Poland in Gniezno in 1793 came to the Kingdom of Prussia. 1807 was slammed by Napoleon the Duchy of Warsaw.
After the Vienna Congress of Gniezno Gniezno belonged to the circle in the Prussian province of Posen, Regierungsbezirk Bromberg.
During the ( European ) food crisis of 1847, Gniezno was the scene of civil war similar unrest. There was looting of stores and shops.
With the entry into force of the Treaty of Versailles on January 20, 1920 Gniezno came to the Republic of Poland and from 1925 was an independent county.
After the invasion of Poland in Gniezno was incorporated on September 11, 1939 Part of the German military district poses and on 26 October 1939 in the German Empire. It then became part of the Reichsgau Posen, later Warta Country and Region of Hohensalza. From 1 January 1940 was the Gniezno valid in the Reich Germans Municipal Code of 30 January 1935 with a German mayor ( Julius Lorenzen (NSDAP ) ) at the top.
In January 1945 the city was occupied by the Red Army and has since been back to Poland. The German inhabitants fled or were expelled.
Name of the city
The name of the city, " Gniezno " derives from the Polish word " gniazdo ", which in German means "nest". According to legend, the emergence of the Polish state, there were three brothers: Lech, the forefather of the Polish state, Czech ( Čech ) the forefather of the Czech State and Rus, the forefather of the Russian state. Originally cohabiting brothers decided to move into the distance. Czech and Rus moved south east. Lech decided to move to the north. As Lech arrived in the area now Wielkopolska, he rested in the shade of a tree. He watched in the evening glow a magnificent white eagle, which had landed on the crown of the tree above him. This event had to Lech such a positive impression that he decided to settle here and to found the city of Gniezno ( Gniezno ). From this point on, the white eagle of the national flag of Poland, the color red stands for the afterglow.
Attractions
In Gniezno is one of the largest church building in Poland, which is the Archcathedral of Gniezno. She's since the 15th century at the same time the main church of the Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate Poloniae ( Primate of Poland). Of European importance is in the Archcathedral the two-winged bronze door of Gniezno. During the visit of Pope John Paul II in Poland in 1997 was created by the German artist Gerhard Heinrich Buecker for Archcathedral of Gniezno a new high altar was consecrated personally by the Pope during his visit.
In addition to the magnificent Archcathedral Gniezno still has many historic buildings and museums. The Archdiocese of Gniezno displays religious objects, including paintings, sculptures, garments and coffin portraits.
The Gothic Rector Church of St. John the Baptist in Gniezno is a church of the Equestrian Order of the Holy grave and houses wall paintings from the 14th century. Also worth seeing is the didactically well-designed Museum of the Origins of the Polish state, which documents the early history of the city of Gniezno and its time as the capital of the Polish nation.
Gmina (Town )
The rural community of Gniezno, to which the city Gniezno not heard includes the following localities:
The population of the rural community was 9490 inhabitants in June 2010.
Twin Cities
- Speyer ( Germany, Rhineland -Palatinate )
- Anagni (Italy )
- Esztergom (Hungary )
- Falkenberg (Sweden)
- Radviliškis (Lithuania )
- Roskilde (Denmark)
- Saint- Malo (France)
- Uman (Ukraine )
- Veendam ( Netherlands)
- Sergiev Posad (Russia)
Sons and daughters of the town
- Julian of Chełmicki (1825-1909), the Reichstag and Landtag
- Hermann Senator (1834-1911), successor of Prof. Rudolf Virchow as first chairman of the Berlin Medical Society, Clinical Director at the Berlin Charité and Professor, author of important works on kidney disease and proteinuria
- Jacob Caro (1836-1904), historian, Professor in Jena and Breslau, wrote studies on the Polish, Russian, late medieval and early modern history.
- Werner Alberti (prop Krzywonos ) ( 1860-1934 ), opera singer (tenor )
- Felix Waldstein (1865-1943), politician ( DDP)
- Siegfried Laboschin (1868-1929), painter and graphic artist
- George David 's son (1872-1942), Socialist politician and journalist
- Kurt Jahnke (1882-1945), German -American secret agent
- Łucjan Kamieński (1885-1964), composer and musicologist
- Bahnik Wilhelm (1890-1938), communist resistance fighters
- Richard Honey (1890-1981), German criminal law
- William Storz (1897-1985), lawyer, bearer of the Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with swords, author of the textbook " German criminal law " ( 3rd edition, 1963)
- Pancke Günther (1899-1973), SS -Obergruppenführer
- Heinz Reinefarth (1903-1979), German SS - group leader, politician
- Paweł Arndt (born 1954 ), politician
- Arkadiusz Radomski ( born 1977 ), football player
- Marika Popowicz (* 1988), Polish athlete