Go handicaps

The default ( Jap.手 合TEAl ) is the game of Go, the general form of handicap. By defining games are possible with balanced Siegchanchen between different strong players.

A game with no preset is called " Gleichaufpartie " (Japanese tagaisen ). This begins at the empty black board, and usually move advantage is offset by Komi. In contrast, a default game begins with a certain number of black stones on the board. After White plays the first white rock, is continued alternately again. Black therefore has a head start in building its positions and in a better position for fighting.

Details

According to Japanese tradition whose positions are fixed predetermined for each number of target rocks. In this case, the maximum number nine. The Board points used here are the nine " star points " ( hoshi ) which are highlighted on Go- boards by small disc-shaped markings.

From China comes next, the method of free default, which means that the weaker player can choose the position of his handicap stones.

In default roles (ie victory for white instead of draw ) is generally played without Komi Komi or half a point, unless that use is Komipunkte for fine adjustment of the black advantage. In the latter case negative Komi comes before, so points earned for Black.

One requirement of a stone would be tantamount to that black and white must first place the second stone on the board as in a Gleichaufpartie. Therefore, we used a default of 1 is no single handicap stone, but begins as a game from scratch, but expects white end of the game not the usual Komi on.

The location of most of the default points to the fourth row ( from the edge of the board of counted ) corresponds after the opening theory of Go of a play that looks first to unfold the influence of stones on the board (as opposed to opening moves on the third row, which tend to be more direct construction of area benefit ). 9 × 9 on the small - board the third row is used in the specification.

To balance the odds, the number of handicap stones must conform to the difference in the abilities of the opponents. Two players who often play together, may agree, for example, that after a certain number of consecutive victories by the same player ( in the Edo period were traditionally four) the target will. So, for example, the weaker one wins four consecutive games with three preset stones, he will take the next only two. In this way, the default levels off at a value which favors a balanced income statistics. A game whose outcome after such a rule determines the default from the next game is called kadoban.

Before the introduction of Komi Black also had no special requirement for a significant advantage, and for a fair comparison of two opponents one was dependent discharge at least two meetings, such as the color changed. Against this background, the old Japanese system is to understand in which it represented a requirement that a player of three games in two of the black stones led ( sen -ai - sen). The next higher setting was josen, Black in all games, even higher sen -ni, two games with two preset stones and one without as black.

When teaching games is often omitted default.

Specification and classification

Experience shows that an interval scale of skill levels of Go players can field a total with the individually determined number of preset stones. If between two players A and B, a default is adequate and between B and C is a default, it is between A and C is usually a default of about right. ( In such calculations Gleichaufspiel is considered bias 0, and the direction of the target should be reported by the sign. )

Hence any usual classification of Go players in Kyu and Dan grades in the amateur field on the default setting, with a rank equivalent to a handicap stone on the 19 × 19 board.

On the smaller boards with 81 or 169 points, on which a single stone has a correspondingly larger share of the game, for a given skill level difference, the number of handicap stones is chosen smaller. After various recommendations is lower by a factor of 2 to 3 Number on the 13 × 13 board is appropriate, on the 9 × 9 board accordingly even less. Here, the height of the Komi is often varied to fine-tune the handicap. Many small boards, in particular the 9 × 9- boards have only four or five Hoshi markers.

The playing strength scale formed with the specifications is not linear in terms of the Gleichauf - winning probabilities; the same number of handicap stones can statistically better overall players a greater imbalance of Siegchanchen balance as at worse. For example, gaining a 1st Dan against a 3rd Dan without the attached in friendlies two handicap stones in only about 25 % of cases, while a 10th Kyu Kyu against a 8 from scratch has a winning chance of approximately 40 %.

In professional sports, and tournaments will be played in general from scratch. However, there are some amateur tournaments a reduced specification that does not nullifies the sporting advantage of the higher skill level entirely. Conversely, if the calculation of the indicated number setting stones a certain value - often 1 or 2 - exceeds this subtracted from the target; otherwise is played on a par.

The advantage of a default of "1" ( game without Komi ) can be expressed so that black has brought during the game on average half a stone more on the board than white. Measured by the difference to a balanced game is thus only half as great as that between specifications of and stones. This irregularity was considered in the classification system of leagues. A difference of a game class corresponds to a half handicap stone. In Germany, this scale has come in the last quarter of the 20th century out of use in the Netherlands, it is still to be found.

808469
de