Gooseberry

Gooseberry (Ribes uva- crispa )

The Gooseberry ( Ribes uva- crispa, Syn: Ribes grossularia ) is a species of the genus Ribes in the gooseberry family of plants ( Grossulariaceae ). It has a wide distribution area in Eurasia and North Africa. The varieties provide fruit.

• 5.1 varieties (Selection)
• 5.2 ingredients
• 5.3 Attaching

• 7.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaf

The gooseberry is a deciduous shrub, the plant height of 60 to 100, or sometimes reaches up to 150 centimeters. The dark branches are sparrig or hang from arching, have an exfoliating Korkhaut and are at the nodes below short shoots with mostly three-piece (variation from one part to five parts ) thorns (not with spikes! ) Occupied. The long shoots are covered with solitary, often only hair-like spines.

The on older branches usually tufted, to those resulting from the uppermost short shoots in summer Langtrieben individually alternate stationary leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The most hairy leaf blade is at a length of 1 to 3 centimeters and a width of 1 to 5 centimeters deep palmately three-to five-lobed and.

Flower and Fruit

The flowering time is in Central Europe around April to May. The hanging flowers are individually up to third in the leaf axils. In the middle of the flower stems sit two small bracteoles. The hermaphrodite flower is fünfzählig. The soft hairy petals cup is greenish to reddish. The greenish to reddish sepals are oblong with a length of 4 to 7 mm and curved back.

The hanging, usually hairy at first and last bald berry can be elongated to spherical with a diameter of 1 to 3 centimeters. The fruit color is green depending on the variety, yellow to purple. The fruit ripening period is located in Central Europe in July and August.

Set of chromosomes

In the gooseberry the basic chromosome number is n = 8, it is therefore diploid 2n = 16

Differentiation of wild-type and garden forms

The wild-type (Ribes uva- crispa subsp. Uva- crispa ) differs from the cultivated form (Ribes uva- crispa subsp. Grossularia ) by significantly smaller fruit and a short, soft and glands loose hairs of the ovary, while the garden gooseberry is drüsenborstig or bald. The distinction between the real wild varieties of seedlings to the garden gooseberry is difficult to impossible.

Ecology

The gooseberry is a shallow roots. Asexual reproduction occurs by offshoots of side branches, which are covered by foliage. The gooseberry has only one layer of cork as periderm, therefore missing a bark. He forms a abiskuläre mycorrhiza.

Ecologically flowers are small, vorweibliche " bluebells " with sticky pollen. Access to the abundant votes nectar is obstructed by hair style more or less. The mature scar is sticky. Pollination is by flies and bees.

The berries will emerge from the ovary and the base of the flower. The seeds contain chlorophyll and are surrounded by a mucilaginous seed coat. The spread of seeds carried by animals, mainly birds, which eat the berries.

A pest of Ribes species is spared the rust fungus Cronartium peuce ribicola, who is also five noble pine species, such as Pinus strobus attacks, but Pinus.

Occurrence

The gooseberry is used in almost all of Europe, north she goes to 63 ° north latitude, in southern Europe it is found in the mountains, they also grows in North Africa, the Caucasus, Asia Minor and the Himalayas, to the east it comes to China before. Due to the slight wildness and the difficult distinction feral forms of the real wild plant the detailed, original distribution is no longer detectable.

The gooseberry grows wild on moderately dry to fresh nutrient - and base-rich, often calcareous sites. It bears the shade and is found in hedges, thickets, canyon and mountain forests, meadows and deciduous forests. Frequently the wild gooseberry from gardens.

Name

In parts of Austria are among other things the popular names Ågråsl, Ogrosl, Mei (t ) schg ( a) le and Mauchale (both Carinthia ) and mongoose (Styria ) in use. In Switzerland, there are the popular names Chrosle or Chruselbeeri. The Transylvanian Saxons ( in Romania) speak of Ägrisch. To the west of the Palatinate they are also called Druscheln. Previously, the gooseberry has been referred to as the monastery berry.

The scientific name uva- crispa is derived from the Latin uva for grape and crispus for frizzy. It is unclear whether this reference to the grape-like fruit stands and the lobed leaves of Ribes species and this was transferred to the drüsenborstigen fruits of gooseberry or whether the similarity of the fruit gave the occasion with a hairy grape. This could also explain the many variants of the name " Kräuselbeere ".

Use

Gooseberries are grown as soft fruit around since the 16th century, the emergence cultivation of garden forms other species were partially crossed. The numerous, arising in part by cross-breeding of other species garden forms are propagated vegetatively by offshoots or finishing, such as a phylum, with this as a base often the gold currant ( Ribes aureum ) will be used.

The fruits are used as a compote and cake covering or for making jam and house wine processing, but also often eaten raw.

Varieties (Selection)

• 'Achilles': violet - red to red fruit, good taste, medium-thick shell, easy pflückbar, high yield, highly susceptible to powdery mildew, medium spines
• ' Green Globe ': wide oval large fruit, light green with thick, tough shell. Sweet and sour - aromatic, high yield. Very susceptible to mildew
• ' Invicta ': green, medium-sized, oval-shaped fruit with thick skins, high yield, easy pflückbar, short soft spines mildew resistant,
• ' Pax ': red, slightly hairy fruit, resistant to mildew
• ' Xenia ': bright red large fruit, some mildew prone, weak growth, good taste

Ingredients

Cultivation

The gooseberry can be grown ungrafted or as finishing as semi- trunk or standard tree. Middle and high strains facilitate maintenance work and harvest in heavily spined varieties. The gooseberry is not a particularly tolerant to soil and climate; the sites should be warm and not too dry. The gooseberry requires regular section in the spring with thinning and shortening of the shoots. In the choice of variety the uneven sensitivity should be considered against the American gooseberry mildew.

Intersection with a different type

A crossing of gooseberry (Ribes uva- crispa ) with black currant (Ribes nigrum ) is the Jostabeere (Ribes × nigridolaria ).

Swell

• Peter Sablatnig: Wortkundliche studies in Austria and Bavaria in some responses of the First dialect geographical questionnaire (lettuce, sage, apple core, beetroot, barberry berry, juniper berry, currant, gooseberry). Dissertation. University of Vienna, Vienna 1969.
• Konrad Keipert: currants, gooseberries. Suggestions for production and sales, Vol 12, 2nd Edition. Rhenish agricultural Verlag, Bonn 1988, ISBN 3-924683-18-2.
• Martin Schretzenmayr, Gisela Hermann ( Photographer): Local Trees and shrubs of Central Europe. Urania -Verlag, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-332-00267-8.
• Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi: The ferns and flowering plants of Baden -Württemberg. Volume 3, Special Section ( Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae). Droseraceae to Fabaceae. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8.
• Werner Roth painter ( Lim. ), Rudolf Schubert ( ed.): Excursion Flora of Germany. Volume 2, vascular plants - baseband. 17, revised edition. Heidelberg / Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-8274-0912-8.
• Helmut Genaust: Etymological Dictionary of the botanical name of the plant. Third, completely revised and enlarged edition. Nikol Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7.
• Franz Böhmig, Jürgen Röth (Ed. ): advice for any garden day. 1565 advice. 27th edition. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8001-6952-8.
• Ribes uva- crispa at Plants For A Future
• Gooseberry. In: FloraWeb.de. ( Description section )