Gosanke

When Tokugawa Gosanke ( jap御 三家, literally: " the honorable three houses " ), three side lines of the main house in the Tokugawa shogunate designated in the Edo period, which go back to the three youngest children of the family founder Tokugawa Ieyasu. Specifically, these are the house of Owari Yoshinao, the house Kishū of Yorinobu, and the house of Mito Yorifusa. Not to be confused are the Gosanke with the Gosankyō created later by her example.

They had the highest rank within the Shimpan families, and were just as the Tokugawa main line and the Gosankyō lead the Tokugawa family name and the family coat of arms with the three hollyhock leaves. The ostensible object of the heads of house was to stand as Dainagon the Shogun as a consultant, however, this position was more title as an administrative office. On the contrary, as Shimpan - daimyo, they were excluded from the actual adviser ranks in the shogunate, these items were given to the Fudai - daimyo. In fact, the Gosanke of Tokugawa Ieyasu were used to secure the continued existence of the house, that is, to provide an heir, which could be adopted by the main line if there is no son was born.

• 2.2.1 Genealogy
• 2.2.2 today

• 2.3.1 Genealogy
• 2.3.2 today

The houses

History

All three Gosanke go on later-born sons of Tokugawa Ieyasu back:

• Ieyasu's eldest son and heir, who was born still under Ieyasu's original family name Matsudaira Nobuyasu died already in 1579 on the instructions of Oda Nobunaga by seppuku.
• His second son, the future Yūki Hideyasu, was the son of Oman, a servant of his wife Tsukiyama. He later became a daimyo of Fukui, but his line did not belong to the house of Tokugawa.
• Ieyasu's third son, Tokugawa Hidetada, and finally became the ancestor of the Tokugawa lineage.
• Ieyasu's sixth son Matsudaira Tadateru fell at his older brother Hidetada into disfavor and was banished, his son died childless.
• Ieyasu's ninth son Yoshinao founded the Owari Line.
• Ieyasu's tenth son Yorinobu founded the Kishū line.
• Ieyasu's eleventh son Yorifusa founded the Mito line.

When constructing its shogunate Tokugawa Ieyasu occupied key posts with family members. His ninth son, Yoshinao, he sat as a daimyo of Nagoya ( Owari Province ), his tenth son Yorinobu as daimyo of Kishū ( Kii Province ), and his eleventh son Yorifusa as daimyo of Mito ( Hitachi Province ). From the name of their fiefs, the names of the branch families deduced.

At the beginning of the Edo period, the term referred to the main line, the Owari - line and the Kishū line. The Owari and Kishū line of Ieyasu received the right to make by adoption into the main line of the next daimyo, when there is no heritage should be available. This happened in 1716 one as the 7th Shogun, Tokugawa Ietsugu, died at the age of 7 years. Tokugawa Yoshimune, the eighth shogun, was adopted out of the house Kishū, and his descendants represented the 9th to the 13th Shogun. The 13th shogun, Tokugawa Iesada was childless, so the 14th shogun, Tokugawa Iemochi, was in turn was adopted from the Kishū by- line. Between the houses Kishū Owari and there was strong competition for the successor to the rank of Shogun. So Tokugawa Muneharu is from the Owari Line suspected to have caused the poisoning of the 8th shogun Yoshimune.

The Mito - line was only in 1636, after the dissolution of the house Suruga, the right to bear the surname of Tokugawa. Although their rank below that of the other families, they were compared to the Kaiserhof out as the successor house for the shogun. Therefore, they talked about from the time of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, the fifth shogun Tokugawa, of the Gosanke, the three honorable houses.

The last shogun, Yoshinobu, finally, was born in the house Mito, but then given as an adopted child to the Gosankyō by- line Hitotsubashi.

After the abolition of the shogunate and the introduction of the Kazoku system during the Meiji Restoration in 1869 the heads of the Gosanke in second place were that of a Marquis (侯爵, kōshaku ) levied. 1929, the chief of Mito in the highest rank of a prince (公爵, kōshaku ) levied.

House Owari

The Owari are the oldest of the three Gosanke lines. Founder of the house was Tokugawa Yoshinao, ninth son of Ieyasu. He and his heirs were the lords of Owari and resided in the castle of Nagoya. Your fief was rated at 619 500 koku of rice and was the largest of the three. Despite its higher position, the house never presented a Shogun.

Genealogy

Today

The current 22 head of the Owari Tokugawa Yoshitaka line is (徳 川 义 崇; b. 1961 ), director of the Tokugawa Art Museum in Nagoya.

House Kii

The second house in the ranking was Kii, also referred to as Kishū. It was founded by Tokugawa Yorinobu, the tenth son of Ieyasu. His family owned the Kishū - feud with the castle Wakayama and a rating of 555,000 koku of rice. His line was in 1619 transferred to this feud. Twice sons were adopted by Kishū in the main line, in 1716 and 1858. Daimyo of Kii The fifth, Yoshimune, rose to become Shogun and installed a parallel system of secondary lines, the Gosankyō, included the Tayasu, Shimizu and Hitotsubashi.

Genealogy

Today

19 head of the house Kii Tokugawa Kotoko (徳 川 宜 子, born 1956 ), an architect.

House Mito

Third in the rank of Gosanke is the house Mito. It goes back to Tokugawa Yorifusa, 11 son of Ieyasu. They possessed the fief of Mito in Ibaraki today, with the castle Mito as a seat and an income of 250,000 koku, later 350,000 koku. The house Mito itself was not entitled to make an heir to the rank of Shogun. However, Tokugawa Yoshinobu was, by adoption into the house of Hitotsubashi ( one of the three Gosankyō of Kii ) for candidates to succeed and eventually became the 15th and last shogun.

Genealogy

Today

15, head of the House Mito Tokugawa Narimasa (徳 川 斉 正, born 1958 ), Director of Shōkōkan Tokugawa Museum in Mito and Tokyo Marine & Nichido employee of Fire Insurance Co., Ltd..

Swell

• Asahi Shimbun, October 1, 2009, evening issue, page 1 Kafu Sorezore Tokugawa Gosanke
• Iwanami Kōjien (広 辞 苑) Japanese dictionary, 6th Edition (2008 ), DVD version
• Iwanami Nihonshi Jiten (岩 波 日本史 辞典), CD -Rom version. Iwanami Shoten, 1999-2001.
• Papinot, E. ( 1910). " Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan. " 1972 Printing. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Tokyo, ISBN 0-8048-0996-8.

• Tokugawa
• Japanese aristocratic family
• Edo period