Grammatical category

Grammatical categories share the building blocks of a language, the words in different classes. By type of classification, a distinction is

  • Morphological categories ( classification into word forms with given parts of speech, description of grammatical aspects),
  • Syntactic categories ( classification into parts of speech for given word forms; description of lexical differences ) and
  • Semantic or formal logical categories ( classification into parts of a sentence and other groups meaning of a sentence).

Morphological Categories

Morphological grammatical categories describe the properties of word forms within a word paradigm that defines the parts of speech. Today's standard terms for grammatical categories go back to the Latin grammar. Various word paradigms, that is, different perspectives about what is to be considered as part of speech or word form, lead to different organizations in the type and number of grammatical categories.

An overview of the traditional school grammatical classification in German can be found in the article in the German grammar concepts. In the following grammatical categories are listed, but need not be to find all the words in each paradigm.

  • Genus ( the genus, plural: genera )
  • Number ( the number, plural: Numbers )
  • Case ( the case, plural: case )
  • Tempus ( Tempus, plural: tenses )
  • Person
  • Number ( the number, plural: Numbers )
  • Verbi genus ( the genus Verbi, plural: genera Verbi )
  • Mode (the mode plural modes)
  • Aspect
  • Type of Action

Since it is not yet is categories in the narrow sense in this classification, they are referred to recently as " grammatical categorization ", ie as sets of categories. Depending on the part of speech of a word are different paradigm and different number of categorizations to bear. A noun such as " tree " inflected in case and number, but not in the genus. Not so with the adjective inflected both in number and case, but also in the genus. Categorizations are therefore a good means for separating the parts of speech.

Syntactic Categories

Syntactic categories are grammatical categories "of linguistic elements / constituents with the same morpho - syntactic properties ."

Put simply, a word paradigm, consisting of parts of speech, over a given morphological classification (morphological grammatical category ) of the language is defined.

Differences they are in lexical categories and phrasal categories (or syntactic categories ( then in the narrow sense ) ). Phrasal categories are based not on words but on groups of words, which is usually a word in the phrase the other rules or getting dressed.

Example of a word paradigm ( Lexical categories): Noun (N), verb (V ), adjective ( A), preposition (P), determiner (D), conjunction (K ) ...

Examples of phrasal categories: noun phrase (NP ), verb phrase (VP).

Formal logical or semantic categories

About logical technicalities or about the semantics, ie meaning within a sentence, can also categorize. In the grammar school, this classification corresponds to the set of elements within the set theory.

Example: set term and predicate.

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