Grammatical relation

With the preamble syntactic function (also: grammatical function or relation ) is called in linguistics categories such as subject, object, predicate, adverbial and attribute. In this case, these categories are defined differently depending on the type of language or theoretical description approach. The basic syntactic functions subject and object are, in particular for the relational typology of meaning. The syntactic functions in Nominativsprachen as the Germans should not be applied easily for example on Ergativsprachen.

Syntactic features characterize a constituent not isolated, regardless of their syntactic environment and not only on the basis of their formal properties, such as case marking (eg nominative ).

Syntactic functions are functions that are " within their syntactic environment has constituent " and one that leads to syntactic relations of the constituents in the syntactic environment with each other.

The reference point is the unit rate ( subject, object, etc.) or derivative of categories ( attribute).

" Syntactic functions are relevant for congruence among other things, word order and sentence meaning. Only words and phrases can have a syntactic function. "

Demarcation of constituents - syntactic functions

The terms syntactic function and constituent are to be distinguished. The same constituent can perceive different functions. The same function can be expressed by various constituents.

  • For example, the noun phrase every day can be used
  • Example: A direct object can be expressed by

Syntactic Features at a glance

As the basic syntactic functions are in traditional German grammar:

  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Object
  • Adverbial
  • Attribute

Can be added Taken some special cases which have no independent grammatical form in English (but can this have in other languages ​​) as vocative or Topik, and cases where it can be delineated difficult between adverbials and non - adverbials, such as the instrumental or the free dating

Swell

  • Hadumod Bußmann: Encyclopedia of Linguistics. 4th Edition, Publisher Kröner, Stuttgart, 2008; ISBN 3-5204-5204-9: Syntactic function
Constituent (linguistics) Instrumental case
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