Granuloma

Under a granuloma (from Latin granule " grains " ) refers to an inflammation-induced, knot -like tissue formation of epithelioid cells, mononuclear cells, or giant cells. It usually occurs in response to chronic, allergic or infectious processes.

Granulomas can be characterized in terms of size and histological structure and thus contribute to the diagnosis of the underlying disease pathology.

Occurrence

Granulomas may include the diseases and chronic granulomatous histiocytosis X occur.

Allergic granuloma arises from a cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction in patients with type IV allergy or disease.

The causes of an infectious granuloma may be rheumatic fever ( Aschoff nodes), syphilis, glanders, listeriosis, mycosis, nocardiosis, actinomycosis, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis. Mycobacterial infections (tuberculosis, leprosy, Johne's disease ) can also cause granulomas. Tuberculous granulomas are verkäsend, that is, they have a central necrosis.

Among the non-infectious granulomas include sarcoidosis, diabetes ( granuloma annulare ), Wegener 's granulomatosis, lymphoma, Crohn's disease and Zahnfleischepulis.

A granuloma is also triggered in response to non-removable or hard- degradable foreign body in the organism. In these cases, one speaks of a foreign body reaction. These can be both endogenous (endogenous ) products such as cholesterol crystals or horny scales, as well as exogenous (exogenous ) products such as sutures, or noxious substances such as asbestos, be.

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