Greenway (landscape)
As a green corridor are in spatial and landscape planning ribbon-shaped, called coherent non- built up areas, which are reported to the biotope network and the structure of urban areas. In ordinary language and in the open space planning an elongated undeveloped, often park-like area is described within the development with green space usually. Green corridors can and should preferably take one or more natural features, such as habitats, water recharge, areas for cold air formation and corridors etc.
Regional Green Corridor
As a regional green corridors are spacious, band-shaped mainly semi-natural open spaces in cities agglomeration referred to, which are additionally used for agriculture and forestry and may also contain parks or sports facilities. If a ring-like green space planned for a settlement area, one also speaks of a greenbelt. Such green belts are designed to prevent the coalescence of settlements of individual municipalities or parts of municipalities and, as a classical instrument, the clearance securing the protection of municipal limits of cross- spaces to the target.
In spatial planning, a minimum width of 1,000 meters of green areas is recognized as a rule, with a high diversity of habitat types contained or confined conditions, this value can also be observed.
Green corridors are secured in the regional planning usually as priority areas, in exceptional cases also as reserve areas. The local authorities must, as part of the consideration processes oriented in the preparation of local development plans in these determinations of the regional planning bodies. Through the combination of several open space functions greenbelts Face monofunctional priority areas multifunctional priority expulsions dar.
History
The development of the planning instrument Grünzug is closely connected to the end of the 19th century arisen idea of the green belt, which should enter into a city region to the outside and the garden city idea of Ebenezer Howard, which provided for the development of new, separated by agricultural land settlement centers, the should be arranged in a ring around a core city. Were created greenbelt example, in Vienna in 1905 (see Wiener green belt ) and in Berlin, where the existing 1912-1920 Purpose Association of Greater Berlin was awarded the contract to purchase building free areas and to secure permanently (see also the permanent forest contract).
Local green corridors have been established for the first time as a spatial planning instrument in the area development plan 1966 of the settlement association Ruhrkohlenbezirk. In 1978, the Regional Planning Association Bavarian Lower Main firmly in its regional plan that green belts are an integral part of the settlement pattern. As a result, the planning tool green corridor in the German spatial planning and nature conservation laws has been integrated at the federal as well as at the country level.
Examples
In the Ruhr the settlement association Ruhrkohlenbezirk Ruhr already secured 1923 more runs in the north-south direction " Local green corridors " through terrain and purchase - free attitude, to prevent urban sprawl of the area and the coalescence of individual towns. Protected by law, they were in the area development plan in 1966. During the IBA Emscher Park, this green trains were cross-linked in an east-west direction in the Emscher Landscape Park.
The Regional Park Rhein -Main networked comprehensive the vicinity of Frankfurt Green Belt and the linear, extending into the vicinity kept free of building green corridors, so that a network of building free surfaces formed which divided the building, protect habitat areas and climatically important areas and used for recreation can be.
Open Space Planning
Municipal Green area offices often refer elongated predominantly undeveloped areas much lower extent than green corridors. At the municipal level, these often park-like landscaped green spaces of different widths serve as stadtgliederndes element and fulfill recreational as well as city hygienic functions.
Since such surfaces usually do not meet the requirements for specialist planning green areas, they are usually referred to in the literature as green spaces.
Such communal green spaces are created not only in the new development of residential and commercial areas kept free or as ecological compensation measure. Not infrequently otherwise caused lanes in built-up areas to green spaces ( strictly speaking, green spaces ) to be redesigned as former routes or unrealized roads or floodplains small bodies of water.