Group decision-making
A decision procedure can be described as a process of information gathering and processing. Synonymous to the phrase decision process decision theory, process or approach is often used. A distinction is quantitative ( mathematical ) and empirical methods. Another important distinction is made in uni- and multi-personal decisions.
In economics can be by origin, objectives, figure and fitness, two concepts of decision theory differ:
- Quantitative ( mathematical ) methods and
- Empirical decision process.
Quantitative ( mathematical ) method
At the core of the quantitative (mathematical) process, it comes to systematize organizational design decisions and application of mathematical models to lead to a right or wrong solution.
The quantitative decision theory is based on " well-structured " decision problems and the axiom of rationality and developed for typical problem situations solution methods. It is considered among a set of possible actions to filter out the one that is best suited for the given target. Here, however, does not question whether the people involved actually act rationally or not.
The following aspects dominate in quantitative decision theory:
- Calculus (which stands for model and logic)
It aims to clarify issues related to imaging and convertibility real issues in a formalized language as well as their consistency.
- Optimization ( stands for relative maximization)
It involves questions about the way to answer the design and connection of target parameters and constraints including limited their functional link and presentation.
- Probability ( stands for Stochastic )
It is considered issues relating to predictability and quantitative presentation of risks or opportunities planned actions to be clarified. Aspects such as problem, person and process that are central in the empirical decision theory will not be considered. In reality, the available models, processes and solutions that provides quantitative decision theory available, often unrealistic (too easy) or too complicated.
Examples:
Empirical decision process
The empirical decision process is based on the perspective of human behavior and draws on substantive and methodological insights of psychology. The focus is on aspects such problems, people and processes, as well as their references to each other (for example, interest or commitment ).
You want to describe and explain how decisions are made in reality, but also takes into account how form and change during the decision process goals. The empirical decision theory will be limited to the most essential and most informative features, therefore, a kind of modeling is also given here.
" The empirical decision theory sees its task is to find empirically substantial hypotheses about human decision-making and problem-solving behavior. "
It deals mainly with research and recital interests as study objects, issues and efficiency conditions. With research methods such as observations, surveys and experiments, the required knowledge of the actual decision-making behavior can be obtained.
Personal decisions
Personal decisions are divided into:
- Unipersonal decisions made, in which a person isolates the activities of decision-making is carried out - even if the actions of other persons are involved.
- Multi -personal decisions where more than one person involved in a single decision-making process. They are also called group decisions. Your presentation is in the social choice theory.
Uni- and multi-personal decision situations do not always remain constant. Decide individual decision making processes unipersonaler a problem together ( multi- personal) to solve, the process is multi- personal. Groups of people who are involved in a multi personal decision process, even group, team or collective called.