Grove (nature)
A grove is a small wood or a wood.
Word origin
The word grove originated in the 14th century from Middle High German hagen for " cherished forest," as a variant of Hag (see hornbeam / hornbeam ) and is in this sense today as obsolete. It is now primarily " grove of trees " used in the sense, that for a small wood or a wood.
Description
For the meaning of development and expansion of the concept grove on a " cherished and gefriedeten forest in which a deity is worshiped " ( " sacred grove " ) and on agricultural land ( " vine grove " ) were especially Martin Luther (1483-1546 ) and later Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (1724-1803) responsible. In addition, Hain found in the meaning of " lust forest " and " park", and as a word element " Peace Grove " and " dead grove ," meaning a forest cemetery.
Luther used grove in his translation of the Bible into German. Wieland and Klopstock received the word again. In Klopstock imagination of the grove was the seat and symbol of Germanic poetry. Under his influence the Johann Heinrich Voss founded with his poet friends in Göttingen in 1772, under the name Hain a poet collar, which was renamed in 1804 in Hainbund. The " grove " then became a general literary topos. Goethe's Iphigenie auf Tauris in 1786 begins with the start line: out in your shadows, active tops | Of old, sacred, leafy grove.
Place and field names
Grove can be found - as well as Hag - as part of their name in many German place names. For example, Hainburg, grove village, grove and field Hannover- grove wood. Or Belgershain, Berlin- Friedrichshain, Dreieichenhain Hirzenhain and goats grove. Or as Hainleite and Hainich, two mountain ranges in northwestern Thuringia. Hain is a district of Kleinfurra. Likewise, a district, formerly independent municipality of Kups / ofr.
" Groves " in ancient times
Numerous ancient citations of sacred forest plays have been translated with the word " grove " in German and in turn enriched the term with sacral and poetic connotations.
Ancient Israel
Abraham settled in the Holy Land down (1st Moses, 13, 18, in Luther's original version from 1545 ): So Abram lifted up their tents | came and wonet in Hayn Mamre | to the Hebron | Vnd bawet daselbs an altar to Yahweh.
Greeks and Romans
Among the Greeks, was chosen from a forest and consecrated it a deity who is soon established thereby altars, temples and statues. Standing in terms Germans were since the humanism of the oak grove of Dodona, the Sacred Grove ( the Altis ) to Olympia, the Eumenidenhain at Colonus near Athens and the grove of Artemis at Ephesus.
Also for the lucus (also nemus ) of the Romans the word " grove " in German came out on top, so for the grove of Egeria at Aricia, which the Furies in Rome and the Muse grove in Latium.
Teutons
Similarly, one encounters among the Germans the veneration of sacred groves (as well as sacred trees - cf tree cult, Irminsul ). With the flourishing of Altgermanistik also here the term " grove " is selected. The existence of the custom of pre-Christian times mentioned Tacitus, and further it is often confirmed, Arminius ordered his forces in a grove, and in such a Civilis also gathered his Batavians to feast and advice. Those who could flee as a persecuted in a sacred grove (or the shade of a sacred tree reached ), was inviolable.