Guarino da Verona
Guarino da Verona (* 1374 in Verona, Italy, † December 4, 1460 in Ferrara); Guarino Veronese also; Guarino of Verona; Guarino Guarini; Guarino Guarini of Verona? was a scholar and humanist of the Italian Renaissance.
Temporal classification
In 1374, the Florentine chancellor Coluccio Salutati bought ( 1331-1406 ) parts of Francesco Petrarch ( 1304-1374 ) Library ( then the largest private library in Europe ) and also took the lead in collecting old manuscripts and the revival of the Greek language. 1375 Salutati chancellor of Florence and begins with the reformation of the Florentine schools.
At the beginning of the Renaissance awakened renewed interest in Greek and Roman culture, so that the medieval schools of Italy increasingly concerned with the study of antiquity. Many teachers of the Greek language and literature came to Italy, including in 1397 the first of the Greek scholar Manuel Chrysoloras ( 1353-1415 ) from Constantinople Opel.
Around the same time brought the Florentine statesman Salutati to assist in the collection of books and translation Guarino and Niccolo Niccoli (1363-1437), both studied under John of Ravenna (1356-1417), Florence.
Life
After his early youth in Verona Guarino studied Greek at Constantinople Opel, where he also pupil Manuel Chrysoloras was for five years. On his return to Italy he took two boxes of valuable manuscripts with him, whose collection and acquisition had previously cost him a lot of troubles. A popular anecdote of the humanists reported that he had over the loss of a single one of the manuscripts (which went down with another ship ) so grieved that his hair had turned gray overnight.
After his arrival in Italy he worked as a Greek teacher, first in Verona, then Venice and Florence. 1403 was Guarino, together with Giovanni and Francesco Aurispa Filelfo, one of the first Italians who went to Constantinople Opel. There he studied five years at the school from Greek Chrysoloras Manuel, whom he had previously met in Italy. He brought back with 50 manuscripts, and the three came back with several hundred codices: historians, Church fathers, poets, philosophers. So they have performed works of Demosthenes, Lucian, Dio Cassius, Xenophon, Strabo, Diodorus, Plato and the Platonists to Italy. These were written by scholars with passion. While could let the monks copying time in the past, it was now waiting, just before the introduction of printing, impatient for the results.
He translated the whole Strabo from the Greek ( for which he received 1000 scudi ), about 15 of Plutarch's heroes life as well as some works of Lucian, and Isocrates. He also wrote a Latin elementary grammar.
The rest of his life he taught in Verona, Florence, Venice and Ferrara Greek and history.
1427 Guarino found the lost work of Celsus again. 1429 he was appointed by Niccolò III. d' Este called to Prince education of his son Leonello to Ferrara. In Ferrara, he maintained ( too? ) Is a private school. 1434 his youngest son Battista Guarino was born. 1436 he was appointed by the promotion by Leonello d' Este as a Greek professor at the University of Ferrara. From 1438 he also worked as a translator for the Greek- speaking participants of the Council of Basel / Ferrara / Florence. At about the same time Peter Luder began his humanistic studies at Guarino. The by him and Vitorino da Feltre in Mantua ( 1425) established schools were in Renaissance humanism, the ideal of education through its focus on: science, history, geography, music and physical exercises. They influenced the pedagogy and served until the 18th century as a school model. Also the Dutch Erasmus of Rotterdam, the German Johannes Sturm ( teacher ), the Frenchman Michel de Montaigne and the Spaniard Juan Luis Vives ( humanist and philosopher) attached importance to the classic subjects such as Greek and Latin, which led to the founding of the Latin School, from which in turn, inter alia, the Humanist school developed.
Importance
Its main significance is s justified in his translations Strabo ( n) whose entire oeuvre he translated ( into what was then Latin and Italian ). He also translated some of Bíoi parálleloi (Greek οἱ βίοι παράλληλοι, Latin Vitae parallelae, "Parallel Lives" ) of Plutarch, and wrote a compendium of the Greek grammar of Chrysoloras; Finally, he also wrote a series of essays commenting on Persius, Martial, Juvenal, and the satires of some of the writings of Aristotle and Cicero.