Gujarat

Gujarat ( Gujarati: ગુજરાત, Gujarāt, [ guʤərɑ ː t]) is an Indian state with an area of ​​196,024 km ² and a population of 60.4 million ( 2011 census ). Capital of the state is Gandhinagar, the most economically important city is Ahmedabad.

• 2.1 demographics
• 2.2 languages
• 2.3 religions

• 5.1 Political system
• 5.2 parties

Geography

Gujarat borders the states of Rajasthan (north), Madhya Pradesh ( East) and Maharashtra, as well. Against the Pakistani province of Sindh and the Arabian Sea The Indian union territory of Daman and Diu is completely enclosed by Gujarat. The union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli is located between Gujarat and Maharashtra. The territory Dadra is an enclave in Gujarat.

Gujarat has a coastline of about 1,600 km, more than any other Indian states. The coastline includes, among other things, the Gulf of Kutch and the Gulf of Khambhat, which limit the Kathiawar peninsula.

A remarkable salt marsh forms the Rann of Kutch on the Pakistan border matic.

Largest cities

(As of 2011 census )

Population

Demography

According to Indian census, 2011 Gujarat has 60,383,628 inhabitants. This Gujarat is measured by the population of the tenth largest state of India. The population density is 308 inhabitants per square kilometer, making it lower than the average of India ( 382 inhabitants per square kilometer). The population of Gujarat is quite a climb: Between 2001 and 2011 it increased by 19.2 percent. Thus, the growth rate is above the national average of 17.6 percent in the same period. 42.6 percent of the population living in cities of Gujarat. The degree of urbanization is much higher than the national average of 31.2 percent.

79.3 percent of the population of Gujarat are literate ( 87.2 percent men, 70.7 percent women ). The literacy rate is thus higher than the national average of 74.0 percent (as of 2011 census ).

The inhabitants of Gujarat identify themselves as Gujarati. A minority among the population of the state of the Adivasi ( tribal members of the indigenous population). The Indian 2001 census classified 14.8 percent of the population of Gujarat as members of the tribal population ( scheduled tribes ). The largest group is doing the Bhil, which account for almost half of the population of Gujarat Adviasi. The rest is divided among a number of smaller tribes. The Adivasis are mainly concentrated on the mountainous areas in eastern Gujarat. In the districts of Dang, Narmada, Dahod and Valsad they represent the majority.

Languages

The main language of Gujarat is Gujarati which was formed after its linguistic boundaries of the state in 1960. It belongs to the group of Indo-Aryan languages ​​and is written in its own script, the Gujarati script. According to the 2001 census, Gujarati is spoken by 84.5 percent of the population of Gujarat as their first language. 4.8 percent of the population speak Bhili, the language of the Adivasi people of the Bhil. Especially among immigrants from other parts of the country is Hindi, the language of India 's largest circulated; His spokesman account for 4.7 percent of the population. 1.9 percent of the population of Gujarat are listed as Sindhi -native speakers; This also includes the Speaker of the common in the Kachchh region Kachchhi dialect. Marathi, the language of the neighboring state of Maharashtra, is spoken by 1.5 percent of the population. Among the Muslims of Gujarat is partly Urdu distributed, whose spokesman account for 1.2 percent of the population.

The sole official language of Gujarat is the Gujarati. English is such a presence all over India as transport and educational language.

Religions

The vast majority of the population of Gujarat are Hindu. According to the 2001 census, they represent 89.0 percent of the population. The largest minority are Muslims, with 9.1 percent of the population. Smaller minorities represent Jains at 1.0 percent and 0.6 percent Christians. A numerically very small, but historically significant minority represent the parsing

Environment

Counts in 2005 showed that the small population of lions, which are located in Gujarat in the Gir National Park, has grown again, a reflection of the efforts of the government for protection against poachers. Gujarat is the last natural habitat of lions outside Africa.

History

From the 8th to the 13th centuries, the country was ruled successively by three inter-related Hindu dynasties: Chavda, Solanki, Vaghela. By 1300 it was conquered by the Muslims, and existed in the 15th and 16th centuries there the Sultanate of Gujarat. 1576, the Sultanate of Akbar was conquered and incorporated into the Mughal Empire.

After the State of Bombay in 1956 enlarged to the entire territory of present-day Maharashtra, Bombay was divided along the language border on May 1, 1960 in the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra.

On 26 January 2001, an earthquake of magnitude 7.7 in the region. About 20,000 people died and 200,000 were injured. The economic development of the area was set back by a decade.

Policy

Political system

The legislative branch consists of a unicameral parliament of Gujarat, the Gujarat Legislative Assembly Gujarat Vidhan Sabha or. The 182 Members of Parliament are determined every five years by direct universal suffrage. The Parliament shall have its seat in the capital Gandhinagar, which was created after the founding of the state of Gujarat as a planned city since 1970. Previously, Ahmedabad had been from 1960 to 1970 interim capital.

The Chief Minister ( head of government) of Gujarat, is elected by Parliament. At the head of the state, however, is appointed by the President of India Governor ( Governor ). Its main tasks include the appointment of the Chief Minister and his commission to form a government. Highest Court of Gujarat, the Gujarat High Court, based in Ahmedabad.

Gujarat is 26 MPs in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament, Rajya Sabha and eleven in, the Indian upper house.

Parties

Gujarat is governed since 1997 by consistently of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP ). Since 7 October 2001, the BJP leaders Narendra Modi has held the office of the Chief Minister. Modes refuses consciously to regret the serious riots between Hindus and Muslims in Gujarat that claimed more than 1,000 lives during his reign in 2002. Because of its responsibility for the violence him entry into the United States was denied. Nevertheless owns modes due to the economic success of Gujarat under his government among the population broad support and was able to lead his party to three successive election victories in the state. In the last parliamentary election in December 2012, the BJP won 115 out of 182 constituencies. The largest opposition force is the Indian National Congress, knocked follows with 61 seats. The regional party Gujarat Parivartan Party (GPP ), who had founded the former BJP Chief Minister Keshubhai Patel and politicians shortly before the elections, there were three seats. Furthermore, the Parliament, the two national parties Nationalist Congress Party ( NCP) and Janata Dal ( United) (JD (U)) with two or represented a deputy.

Administrative divisions

The state of Gujarat is in the following 27 districts divided (population and population density according to the 2011 census ):

Renewable Energy

In Gujarat, there are about 458 km open main channels. Includes all side arms amounts to the channel length -to-date to 19,000 km. After completion of the SSNNL sewer network will include this about 85,000 km. Some open channels for water supply were covered in a pilot project with solar panels.

The Indian Minister for Renewable Energy Farooq Abdullah supported the innovative project in the press.