Gustaf Dalman

Gustaf Hermann Dalman ( born June 9, 1855 in Niesky; † August 19, 1941 in Herrnhut ) was a German Protestant theologian ( Old Testament ) and orientalist.

Life

When Gustaf Hermann Marx born Dalman took in 1886 at the maiden name of his Swedish mother to allow his mother to the endangered family branch to the continued existence. He received his education at Pädagogium in Niesky and studied from 1874 at the Theological Seminary of the Moravian Church in Gnadenfeld ( Upper Silesia ), where he also worked as a lecturer in Old Testament and Practical Theology was active until 1887. By Franz Delitzsch, he was appointed to the Institutum Judaicum in Leipzig, were formed in the theologians to serve in the mission to the Jews. On this theme, Dalman had already expressed as a lecturer in Gnadenfeld. From 1891 he was a lecturer and from 1895 Associate Professor of Old Testament and Jewish Studies in Leipzig. On September 25, 1901, he married in Freiwalde Karoline Sophie von Tresckow ( 1872-1940 ), a daughter of the Prussian Major General Franz von Tresckow.

From 1902 to 1917 Dalman was the first director of the German Protestant Institute of Archaeology in the Holy Land in Jerusalem. The outbreak of the First World War witnessed Dalman on home leave in Germany. The events prevented a return to Jerusalem. From 1917 he was professor of Old Testament and Palestine Science in Greifswald, where he in 1920, the Institute for Biblical Land and Archaeology (now Gustaf Dalman - Institut) founded. From 1905 to 1926 he was editor of the Palestine Yearbook.

Dalman led to 1914 regularly teaching courses for young theologians from Germany by and watched, photographed and documented in his publications the current living conditions of farmers and Bedouins in Palestine. Dalman's works are unique documents of the life of ordinary people to the Ottoman Turkish period. From his research he sought to draw conclusions about the history of Israel and the Ancient Near East to win. He wrote articles on archeology and culture. In his second research area of Jewish Studies, he wrote the basic grammars and dictionaries Aramaic dialects and Biblical Hebrew language.

Publications (selection)

1 For the Regional Studies

• Work and custom in Palestine, Vol I - VII, Berlin 1928-1942 ( ISBN 3-487-00480-1 and ISBN Nachdr 1987 978-3487004808 ) Vol VIII (fragment from the estate ) Berlin 2001 (Great to Dalman. area studies research on all areas of life)
• Of Palestinian sofa. As a contribution to the ethnography of Palestine collected and edited with translations and melodies, Leipzig 1901. ( Collection of folk songs from Palestine and Syria)
• Places and ways of Jesus, Gütersloh 1919.
• Jerusalem and its grounds, Gütersloh 1930.

2 Exegetica

• The words of Jesus. Taking into account the post-canonical Jewish writings and the Aramaic language, Volume 1: Introduction and key concepts, with Appendix: A) The Lord's Prayer, B) additions and corrections, Leipzig 2nd edition 1930; Vol 2: Jesus - Yeshua. The three languages ​​of Jesus, Jesus in the synagogue on the mountain, at the Passover meal, on the cross, Leipzig 1922.

3 to Aramaic and Biblical Hebrew

• Grammar of Palestinian Jewish Aramaic by the idioms of the Palestinian Talmud, the Onkelostargum and Prophetentargum and the Jerusalem Targums, Hinrichs, Leipzig 1894 ( digitized: UB Frankfurt, archive.org ); 2 verm and often umgearb. Ed in 1905 ( ND Darmstadt, 1989; digitized: UB Frankfurt, archive.org ).
• Aramaic neuhebräisches Handwörterbuch to Targum, Talmud and Midrash, Göttingen 1901 ( digitized ); 2nd edition, 1922 ( digitized ); 3rd edition 1938 ( 5 ND Hildesheim 2007).