Gyromitra
Spring Giftlorchel ( Gyromitra esculenta )
The Giftlorcheln ( Gyromitra ) are a genus of sac fungi from the order of peel fungus relatives ( Pezizales ).
The type species is the spring Giftlorchel ( Gyromitra esculenta ).
- 4.1 edibility
- 4.2 Etymology
- 5.1 Literature
- 5.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The Giftlorcheln form large, pedunculated ( hellvelloide ) or sessile, cup-shaped ( cupulate ) fruiting bodies ( apothecia ), which partly contain Gyromitrin. The spore powder is white in color.
Microscopic characteristics
The fungal threads ( hyphae ) do not wear buckles on the cross walls ( septa ). The operkulaten hoses ( ascus ) not blue on contact with iodine solution. Inside each 8 spores mature. These are translucent ( hyaline ), elliptically shaped to spindle-shaped and can be smooth-walled or ornamented. The spores are filled with 1-3 drops of oil. Some species develop an appendage at their ends. The outer cell layer of the spores ( Perispor ) is cyanophil, can thus be stained with cotton blue.
Ecology
The Giftlorcheln are ground-dwelling Saprobionten that occur in forests and thickets. They also colonize secondary sites such as timber yards, bark mulch or wood chips.
Species
The genus contains about 20 species worldwide. Some authors summarize the species with rough spores with lace as a separate genus Discina. The following species occur in Europe or are not expected for:
Bischofsmutze Gyromitra infula
Shield-shaped Lorchel Gyromitra parma
Disc Lorchel Gyromitra ancilis
Importance
Feed value
Some species of the genus, especially the spring Giftlorchel or short spring Lorchel, were formerly, and are partly still gathered as edible mushrooms. Doing so is discouraged today because of poisoning were observed.
Etymology
The scientific genus name is derived from Ancient Greek gyros (circle) and miter ( hat) and refers to the cap -like hats beaten down the fruiting body of some species reference.