Gyula Breyer

Gyula Breyer [ ɟulɒ brɛiɛr ] ( born April 30, 1893 in Budapest, † November 9, 1921 in Bratislava) was a Hungarian chess player.

Life

Breyer was one of five children of Adolf Breyer and his wife Irma Róth. He grew up in middle-class and graduated from high school in which he particularly excelled in the subject mathematics. In 1910 he enrolled at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. From military service he was released because of his poor health. In 1918 he received his diploma as engineer. In the same year he married the originating from poor Terez Balikó († 1935), with whom he had a daughter born in 1921. In 1920 he moved to Bratislava, where he ran an engineering firm for reinforced concrete structure, which hardly, however, threw off profits. A magazine founded by him for Chess and Brain Games, Szellemi Sport - Mental Sport, had to cease publication after just five magazines. He lived mainly by his meager income from his chess activities, these included prize money from tournaments, fees simultaneous exhibitions, and his work as a chess columnist for the newspaper Magyar Becsi Újság. He died at the age of only 28 years of heart failure in Bratislava.

Chess career

He learned the game of chess in 1907, his first published game is from 1909. Moreover, he wrote since 1910 chess puzzles for newspapers. In 1911 he defeated the world chess champion Emanuel Lasker in a simultaneous game. Shortly thereafter, he took on his first international tournament in Cologne as the youngest participant in sixth place. In August 1912, he won the Hungarian championship in Temesvár. His greatest achievement was the victory in the Tournament of Berlin in 1920, he could win against players like Efim Bogolyubov and Savielly Tartakower. About his daring game expressed Bogolyubov: How has stood against Breyer, you only know after the game. His last tournament was in 1921 Vienna, where he was visibly shaken by his heart disease.

Breyer was an excellent blind simultaneous players and introduced in January 1921 in Košice, a world record: He played on 25 boards and won 15 games with seven draws and three losses games.

Famous he was for his opening theory treatises, in which he showed himself as a forerunner of the later significantly influenced by Richard Réti Hyper Modern School. In 1917 he published in the chess magazine Magyar Sakkvilág an essay on the basic position with the title A complicated position. His ideas can be summarized exaggerated with the later often quoted sentence after 1 e2 -e4 is white on its last legs. He held 1 d2 -d4 for the strongest Anfangszug and did not recommend the most played in his time first ... d7 -d5, which he even described as an error, but first ... Ng8 - f6 in response thereto.

Nowadays the name Breyer is mainly associated with a variant of the Ruy Lopez in connection that after the moves 1 e2 -e4 e7 - e5 2 Sg1 -f3 Sb8 - c6 3 Lf1 - b5 a7 - a6 4 Bb5 -a4 Ng8 f6 - 5 0-0 Bf8 - e7 6 Tf1 - b7 - b5 e1 7 La4 -b3 d6 d7 - 8 c2 - c3 0-0 9 h3 h2 - Nc6 - b8 arises. This incomprehensible at first glance retreat intends a regrouping of the black knight after d7, giving the black position more flexibility. Breyer suggested this play in 1911, today it is one of the popular sequels this opening and champion Boris Spassky is one of their most important supporters. He also proposed in the King's Gambit against the variant 1 e2- e4 e7 - e5 2 f4 - f2 -f3 e5xf4 3 Dd1. Also a variant of the Caro- Kann Defence is named after him. It arises after the moves 1 e2 -e4 c7 - c6 2 d2 -d3 with a white structure that resembles the King's Indian Attack.

Richard Réti Breyer wrote about in an obituary: All of us, all the moderns, who landed in the big tournaments in the last years before the famous old names have learned from Breyer. Also Tartakower walked in his book on The hypermodern chess match (1924 ) on Breyer wrote: Some Prophetic lay in his eyes and a little feverish in his work.

His best historical Elo rating was 2630, so he was one of 1917 's ten best players in the world.