Haemodoraceae

Anigozanthos manglesii

  • Haemodoroideae
  • Conostyloideae

The Haemodoraceae are a family of monocots. A well-known representative is the kangaroo Flower ( Anigozanthos flavidus ), with its many varieties is a widespread ornamental plant.

  • 6.1 Notes and references

Description

Habit and foliage leaves

The types of Haemodoraceae are perennial herbaceous plants. They often contain a colored ( orange to red ) juice. They usually form underground storage organs: tubers or rhizomes. The tissues of the underground plant parts are often pigmented bright red. At Haemodorum pigmentation in the tissues of the whole plant is provided. The stems are unbranched.

The leaves are arranged opposite one another mostly distributed directly over the ground like a rosette or two rows on the stem. The sessile, simple leaves are more or less linear, leathery, parallel-veined and entire. Some taxa have xeromorphe leaves. The stomata are paracytisch.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are borne singly or usually in zymösen or racemose inflorescences.

The hermaphrodite flowers are in threes and mostly zygomorphic, rarely radial symmetry. They have similarly shaped bloom. In the subfamily Haemodoroideae the bracts are free and there are two Blütenhüllblattkreise, six tepals per flower. In the subfamily Conostyloideae the bracts are fused into a tube and there is only one Blütenhüllblattkreis, three tepals per flower. The colors of the bracts range from white to green and from yellow through orange to red and even almost black. The bloom are hairy hard on the outside, more or less. Per flower, there are one or two circles, each with three unequal stamens. In Pyrrorhiza and Schiekia two staminodes are present. The three carpels are a top - up inferior ovary adherent to one to 50 ovules per ovary chamber. The original three parts of the pen are partly covered up completely free. There are Septalnektarien available.

Pollination is by a variety of different animals: insects ( Conostylis of bee species; entomophily ), birds ( the Australian Anigozanthos, Blancoa, Macropidia are pollinated by honey birds; Ornithophilie ) or in some species by small mammals.

Fruit and seeds

Are formed capsule fruits, fruit or nut splitting fruit. The seeds containing starch are usually wingless or winged at Haemodorum; They may be smooth or hairy.

Ingredients and chromosome numbers

There are often stored calcium oxalate crystals as raphides. It contains flavonols: kaempferol ( Anigozanthos and Haemodorum ) and quercetin ( Haemodorum ). The chromosome numbers be n = 4-8, or 15 ( or more).

Systematics and distribution

Taxa of this family thrive from the tropics to warm temperate latitudes. A distribution area is Australia. Also in the Capensis, New Guinea, the southeastern United States, Central America and tropical South America taxa are located.

The first publication of the family name Haemodoraceae was in 1810 by Robert Brown in Prodromus Novae Florae Hollandiae, 299 type genus is Haemodorum Sm.

Synonyms for Haemodoraceae R.Br. are: Conostylidaceae Takht, Wachendorfiaceae Herb, Xiphidiaceae Dum ... .

The Haemodoraceae and Pontederiaceae are sister groups, and these two families Philydraceae is a sister group within the order of Commelinales.

The Haemodoraceae family is divided into two subfamilies and 14 genera with about 116 species:

  • Haemodoroideae: With eight genera and about 39 species: Barberetta Harv. With the only kind: Barberetta aurea Harv. Only in the Capensis.
  • Lachnanthes caroliniana ( Lam.) Dandy in North America and the Caribbean Islands.
  • Pyrrorhiza neblinae Maguire & Wurdack: It is endemic to the Pico da Neblina in Venezuela.
  • Schiekia orinocensis ( Kunth ) Meisn. With two subspecies in northern South America.
  • Tribus Conostylideae: With five genera: Kangaroo flowers, also called kangaroo paws ( Anigozanthos Labill. ): With approximately eleven to twelve species in southwestern Western Australia.
  • Blancoa Lindl. ( First description was in 1840 by John Lindley in Edwards 's Bot Reg, 23 App ( Swan River), 45 and not only in 1849 by Carl Ludwig Blume in Rumphia, 3, 181 in honor of Francisco Manuel Blanco.. ), With only one type: Blancoa canescens: An endemic in southwestern Western Australia.
  • Macropidia fuliginosa ( Hook. ) Druce: Only in southwestern Western Australia.
  • Tribonanthes Endl. With about five species in southwestern Western Australia.

In this family are the taxa of the former families Conostylidaceae Takht. , Wachendorfiaceae Herb. and Xiphidiaceae Dum. included.

No longer in this family but:

  • To the butcher's broom family ( Ruscaceae ) include: Liriope Lour.
  • Ophiopogon Ker Gawler
  • Aletris L.
  • Lophiola Ker Gawler: With only one type: Lophiola aurea Ker Gawler in North America

Ecology

The only Australian butterfly species (Lepidoptera ) of which there are reports that she is feeding on species of Haemodoraceae Motasingha trimaculata.

Use

The kangaroo Flower ( Anigozanthos flavidus ), with its many varieties is a common ornamental plant in parks and gardens, more recently, as an exotic houseplant. But other genera contain species that are used as an ornamental plant.

The Aborigines used especially the underground plant parts usually roasted as food. Haemodorum of a red pigment can be obtained.

Lachnanthes carolina has been used by the natives as a drug of intoxication. One can choose from the underground parts of plants win a red dye. Medical effects have been investigated.

Pictures

Kangaroo Flower ( Anigozanthos flavidus, one of the many varieties, not a pure art ):

In bud.

Blossomed.

Zygomorphe single flower.

Wachendorfia paniculata:

Swell

  • The Haemodoraceae in APWebsite family. (English )
  • The Haemodoraceae at DELTA of L.Watson and MJDallwitz family.
  • Description in the Western Australian flora. (English )
  • Kenneth R. Robertson: Haemodoraceae in the Flora of North America, Volume 26, p 47: Online. (English )
  • WS Judd, CS Campbell, EA Kellogg, PF Stevens & MJ Donoghue: Haemodoraceae in Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, 3rd edition, Sinauer Associates, 2007, p 283 ISBN 978-0-87893-407-2.
  • Paul J. M. Maas & Maas -van de Kamer Hiltje: Neotropical Haemodoraceae at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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