Hafez

Hafiz (* 1320 in Shiraz, Iran; ibid † around 1389; Persian pronunciation: Hafez, Arabic pronunciation: Hafiz ) is one of the most famous Persian poet. Other spellings: Hafiz, Hafez, Hafez. His full name Ḫāǧe Shams ad - Din Mohammad Hafez -e Šīrāzī (also: Muhammad Shams ad - Dīn ) (Persian خواجه شمسالدین محمد حافظ شیرازی ) also includes the name of his native town of Shiraz. Since Hafiz had memorized in childhood on the Koran, he received the honorary title of " Hafiz " ( those who can memorize the Koran ). He himself used in his poems almost exclusively the name of Hafiz.

Life history

About his life, there are few reliable data. Most are legendary lore:

Hafiz initially learned the baker's trade and practiced it from some time before he Attar students in Shiraz was aged 21 years. With the distribution of bread and baked goods in rich neighborhoods, he met his " muse " Chess -e Nabaat know whose beauty he dedicated many poems. He soon gained notoriety and was court poet of Abu Ishak as well as a highly regarded teacher Koran; he belonged to a Sufi order in ( Tariqa ). About 1333 conquered Mubariz Muzaffar the city and dismissed him - Hafiz for the occasion, " romance " to move from protest to songs.

At the time of his son Shah Shuja Mubariz overthrown ' and jailed, Hafiz got his job back. Soon he will be gone into voluntary exile but to Esfahan, because he felt insecure. The journey to Esfahan is controversial, many sources say that Hafiz of Shiraz has never left. At the age of 52 (the year can be reconstructed only inaccurate) asked him the Shah to return, which he did. Is Narrated that Hafez 60 years a 40-day meditative vigil began in a circle of friends, at the end, he experienced a kind of expansion of consciousness and again met in the spirit after 40 years with Attar.

In addition to orders for the court, he also wrote scholarly works.

Hafez died at the age of 69 years as a highly respected poets of his time. His grave in the Musalla Gardens of Shiraz, also known by her roses, received on behalf of Shah Reza Pahlavi a much visited pavilion, Hafezieh called.

The sofa

The sofa is Hafiz ' most famous work. The printed edition contains 488 or 489 as applicable original ghazals, along with some poems in other forms. Hafiz ' work was compiled and disseminated only after his death and is preserved in numerous one another in verse number and arrangement and word variants differing manuscripts. Hafez ghazals are considered perfect in form. In many ghazals several verses are related in content, but are also present loosely strung together thoughts. One of the recurring themes include unrequited love, separation and longing, but also the enthusiasm for the beauty and charms of the adored person. There are also meditations on the transience of life and the inevitability of fate as well as the invitation to the enjoyment of life, criticism of religious hypocrisy and verses with content from the area of mysticism.

In German-speaking Hafiz was ' work through the translation by Joseph von Hammer- Purgstall (1812 ) and by the adaptations Rückert, published in 1822 under the title Oestliche roses, known. While it often took literally Hafiz ghazals in Europe, they were in the Persian- Islamic culture, where in particular the enjoyment of wine was considered to be prohibited or as religiously undesirable, but has been maintained, for example, in ruling circles at times and in the Sufi poetry long before Hafez allegorically was understood, like interpreted in a figurative sense.

Examples

Come, I followed her, she will scold flat; And settles my desire, their anger will rise. And if I, with desire once on their way As dust walking her fall, she will take off for like the wind.

We practice good ' and dare blame and be merry; Because Todsünd ' is it according to our law, troubled life. You are nothing but kisses lips of the beloved 's and the cup; The Gleißnerhänden, Hafez, is it a sin to give kiss.

Left the city for a week My moon, my scheints one year; Knowest thou not the separation of suffering, How hard they are. I looked up from my black eye On her re- appearance, And he thinks ' it was on her cheeks A Moschusmaal. It pours milk from her lips, Sweet as the carrot, But are the lashes if they koset, A death arrow.

Goethe and Hafiz

As Hafiz " sofa " in the translation of Hammer Purgstall for the first time in the German language has been incorporated, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was one of his most devoted readers. The plant is located in the Duchess Anna Amalia Library in Weimar. Inspired and in dialogue with this richly annotated edition Goethe wrote in 1814 his work West-Eastern Divan (1819 ).

Goethe Hafez:

And may sink the whole world, Hafiz with you, alone with you Do I want to compete! Pleasure and pain Let us, the twins, mean! How to love you and to drink, This is my pride, my life.

You are the real pleasures poets source And uncounted you entfließt Well ' on shaft. Kissable always ready mouth, A chest singing, which will flow with sweet, To drink always irritated throat, A good heart that pours itself.

The Hafez -Goethe memorial in Weimar at Beethovenplatz recalls with two opposing chair -shaped stone blocks at the Goethe encounter with the work of Hafiz. It is a gift of UNESCO with the Weimar Classics Foundation.

Rückert and Hafiz

Like no other German poet Friedrich Rückert has dealt with the work of Hafiz. Rückert could read in the original, thanks to its Persian language skills Hafiz. Published in 1822 in Leipzig by Brockhaus the eastern roses, a book of poems with 365 poems. Although Goethe's sofa and Rückerts roses are the result of the reception of Persian poetry, they are fundamentally different. While Goethe in his sofa the whole oriental poetry had in view, to Rückert focused on Hafiz. This becomes especially clear when he calls him at the end of a poem directly by name:

The gas Elle should jump, Nightingale respond to greeting, If I wanted to sing drunk Passages from Hafisens songs

Rückert reaches into his poetry on imagery Hafiz to rose, the nightingale, the wine, the curls of the beloved, love and transitoriness and presents his poetry in the tradition of his great model. He points at the beginning of the collection of poems out that the study of the oriental seal a certain seriousness required in order to detect its mystical dimension:

O how shall the nightingales Soul because in my ear you fall, If you are still in front of ears Summet the chatter of fools. And how should the Rosenblüthe Really bloom in Gemüthe 's, Want even gape after glow, Create the not nature. Want to be included From the Irrgewirr on earth In the Spring cheery choirs So nothing Andres see ' and hear. Find us no distraction, But eternal Erfreuung. Come and drink whole soul Rose scent and Philomela.

If repeatedly make reference thereto in German and Persian -speaking countries that Goethe has of Hafez ' poems in his Diwan can be excited, then this is far more for Rückert and its eastern roses:

As the candle Is Hafiz scattered to love glow, Free Munds heart Has the bright sparks lifted.

Musical settings

The composer Viktor Ullmann set to music in 1940 in Prague - before his deportation to the Theresienstadt concentration camp - under the title of the song book of Hafiz five poems from the 1910 Insel Verlag published adaptations of Hans Bethge.

Translations

  • Hafiz: The Divan. Two volumes, translated by Joseph von Hammer- Purgstall. Reprint of the edition of 1812 / 13th YinYang Media Verlag, Kelkheim, 1999 ff, ISBN 3-9806799-3-4
  • The most beautiful poems from the classical Persia. Hafiz, Dschalaloddin Rumi, Omar Khayyam and Jalal ad-Din Rumi M., Verlag CH Beck, Munich. ISBN 3-406-44016-9
  • Love Poems by Hafiz, translated by Cyrus Atabay, Insel Verlag, Frankfurt. ISBN 3-458-19009-0
  • Poems from the sofa. Reclam, Ditzingen. ISBN 3-15-009420-8
  • Hans Bethge: Hafiz. The songs and chants of Hafiz in adaptations. YinYang Media Verlag, Kelkheim 2004 et seq (1910 Insel Verlag ), ISBN 3-935727-03-8
  • The ghazals of Hafiz. Newly translated into German prose, with introduction and reading glasses by Joachim Wohlleben, ET Königshausen and Neumann, Würzburg 2004, ISBN 3-8260-2688-8
  • Ghazals from the "Diwan " Muhammad Shams al-Din Hafiz. Persian, of Abulqasem o Schamsi calligraphed poems from the 14th century with German translation by Friedrich Rückert. Edited by Jalal Rostami Gooran. 3rd edition. Goethe and Hafez, Bonn 2008, ISBN 978-3-940762-00-9.
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