Hamamelis × intermedia
The variety Hamamelis x intermedia ' Jelena '
Hamamelis × intermedia, also called hybrid witch hazel, a hybrid of the genus Hamamelis is (Hamamelis ). It is a horticultural intersection of the two East Asian species Hamamelis mollis and Hamamelis japonica.
- 5.1 Notes and references
Description
The characteristics of Hamamelis × intermedia are intermediate between those of the parents Hamamelis mollis and Hamamelis japonica. Many of the features are species specific (see below cultivars).
Appearance and leaf
Hamamelis × intermedia grows as a deciduous shrub that reaches the plant height 4-5 meters and is wider than high. It is constructed broadly upright to funnel-shaped, sparsely branched with ascending branches. The rising initially have a slightly tomentose hairy bark.
The leaves are ovate to obovate with crooked heart-shaped Spreitengrund and sinuate toothed leaf margin at a length of 10 to 15 cm and a width of 5 to 10 cm. The bright green foliage leaves turn bright yellow in autumn, orange to dark red. On the underside of leaves, the leaf buds are slightly hairy.
Flowers and Fruit
The flowers appear before the leaves in almost sessile clusters. The variety-specific fragrant flowers are hermaphroditic and vierzählig double perianth. The four depending on the variety yellow, orange, red - brown or dark red petals are band-shaped and wrinkled.
It formed small capsule fruits.
Phenology
In the early and mid- winter, the flowers appear. Phenological the different flowering times of the different cultivars of Hamamelis × intermedia are particularly striking. Thus, although the flowering times in Probuntersuchungen were indeed distinguished annually for the individual cultivars depending on the winter weather, but the phenological differences between cultivars are even more pronounced. So gaped the flowering time between the cultivars ' Diane ' and ' Jelena ' in southern Norway by an average of 34 days apart.
Breeding history
The two East Asian species Hamamelis mollis and Hamamelis japonica are crossable with each other indefinitely. Hamamelis × intermedia is therefore also an interspecific hybrids of the parents Hamamelis mollis Hamamelis japonica and. For the first time such hybrids were 1929 raised from the seeds of a Hamamelis mollis in the Arnold Arboretum, but it turned out that the resulting cultured specimens possessed characteristics that lay between Hamamelis mollis Hamamelis japonica and. These hybrids were named in 1954 as Hamamelis x intermedia by Alfred Rehder. As suspected pollen partner was an adjacent Hamamelis japonica ' Zuccariniana ' is assumed. 1963 this cross was registered as Hamamelis x intermedia ' Arnold Promise ', still one of the most popular cultivars. In addition to the variety ' Arnold Promise ' hybrids between Asian magic nuts were collected in the botanical gardens in Europe (Denmark, Germany and Belgium).
Overall, about 5 cultivars of Hamamelis japonica, Hamamelis mollis of 13 and 47 of Hamamelis x intermedia have been registered. Comparatively 12 cultivars are also listed for Hamamelis vernalis.
Hybrids between the Asian and North American species are suspected. A hybrid between Hamamelis mollis and Hamamelis vernalis has been proposed for the origin of the variety ' Brevipetala '. Some cultivars such as ' pallida ' are both Hamamelis mollis and Hamamelis to × intermedia been made due to the frequent selection of freely intersecting unknown parents. Probably ' pallida ' while ensuring a backcross of Hamamelis mollis Hamamelis × intermedia with. Genetically is ' pallida ' Hamamelis mollis next.
Most Hamamelis × intermedia cultivars klustern genetically Hamamelis mollis with. The varieties ' Arnold Promise ', ' Westerstede ' and ' Carmine Red ' were distinguished more by the other cultivars in investigations against it.
Because of the importance of Hamamelis x intermedia for landscaping, two European plant breeding centers are busy with other work to new cultivars. These are the Hillier Nursery ( England) and the Kalmthout Arboretum in Antwerp ( Belgium). The cultivars offered in Germany today is particularly ' Arnold Promise ' and the plants grown from the Kalmthout Arboretum cultivars ' Diane ', ' Jelena ', ' Westerstede ' and probably ' pallida '.
Cultivars
The cultivars vary so much that it is hardly possible to give a general description of Hamamelis x intermedia. The following varieties have been described in detail by Krüssman: