Hamburg (chicken)
The Hamburg chicken is a chicken breed that was described in 1700 for the first time in the UK and Holland. In the period before the industrial chicken farming, it was due to the excellent egg production as an economic chicken. Because of their appearance, it is popular with exhibition breeders. Your varieties, the Hamburg coat chicken and the hamburger Sprenkelhuhn are hardly related.
With the dwarf Hamburger also a recognized bantam breed exists.
Origin
The Hamburg chickens are one of the oldest examples of "artificial races." Apart from the elegant country chicken their only form, name-giving communion is the importation to England via the Port of Hamburg. Show molecular genetic Examine that speckles and paint colored variants of the Hamburg genetically different races would have to be assigned.
The origin of the Hamburg coat chicken is unclear, but it was already mid-18th century in England known as the Moon or Samthosenhuhn. The Hamburg Sprenkelhuhn was introduced at the beginning of the 19th century in the British Isles and is closely related to other Sprenkelrassen, especially the flocked Dutch Delft aces and Fries Chicken.
Hamburg chicken was bred mainly in England and the Netherlands. The largest share of the pure breeding of the Hamburg chicken, especially the colored paint, wear breeders from England. Their ancestors, " Mooney ," the moon chickens are to be seen from the speckles, which are visible as black dots even with the black hamburgers in the green shimmer. The black can be seen even today, that have contributed Spaniards chickens when they arise. This can be seen in the larger white earlobes, the higher weight of eggs and at the higher weight of the chickens. The speckled representatives of this breed but play quite a role animals from Germany. Thus, the East Frisian gulls and the Totleger from North Rhine Westphalia and from South Oldenburg.
Name
About the time of their first appearance is confusion. For drawings of the Italian naturalist Aldrovandi should show from the 16th century chicken that benefit the optics according to today hamburgers very close. These chickens but were referred to as " Turkeys " Turkish chickens. This leads to the conclusion that the ancestors of the hamburger originate from the Near East and set out on their journey through Hamburg to England. These animals, which so rasserein were not natural as the animals today, received in England as a collective term to name Hamburgh Poultry, since they all came to the island via Hamburg merchants. However, the final naming Hamburg Poultry should in 1850 by the English judges BS Dixon be done, who summarized at an exhibition in Birmingham all the varieties under that same name.
On the other hand, drew the English painter Albin 1740 already in 1740, ie 110 years before Dixon, the image of a white cock with black neck- stem stroke, black round spots within the body plumage and Sickles, who had black and white stripes. This image whose motive is very close to Hamburg chicken in the color tone silver paint, should already have had the title " Hamburgh poultry". For this thesis is the fact that already in 1795 Bechstein reported hamburgers.
Properties
The breeders distinguish several racial types:
- The black hamburgers are the largest representatives and their eggs are the largest among the hamburgers (on average 55 g). What related to it, as to Erzüchtung this color shock, among others Minorca were used.
- White Hamburger,
- Silver and gold paint ( egg weighs on average 50 g),
- Speckled Hamburg (highest egg production with an average weight of 48 g ),
- Blue Hamburger ( Bruteigewicht 50 g) and
- Miniature hamburger in all variants.
The egg production of the first year is 160-180 pieces, with deviations of certain lines, lay more than 200 eggs a year. In the second laying period the weight of the eggs increases and reaches 50-60 grams. This applies to all colors.
Inventory and risk
The Hamburg chicken is an old German poultry breed that originated in 1930 and its main distribution area in Germany. It is classified in the common list of the ancient local poultry breeds in Germany from the League of German breed poultry ( BDRG ) and the Society for the Conservation of Old and Endangered Livestock Breeds (GEH ) as " little risk". This list has also been adopted in the Red List of endangered livestock breeds of the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food. After an inventory of 2009, there were this year in Germany 317 roosters and hens 1498. In 2013 there are still 1,342 hens and 282 roosters.