Hans Maler zu Schwaz
Hans painter to painter Johannes Schwaz alias to Schwaz (* probably 1480/1488 in Ulm, † 1526/1529 in Schwaz ) was a German portrait painter.
Life and work
Hans Maler is a contemporary of Albrecht Dürer. It is assumed that his training in the workshop of the Ulm School of Bartholomew Zeitblom. Mainly he was active in the Austrian Schwaz, 33 km east from Innsbruck. Probably took him Bernhard Striegel with his workshop to Tyrol. The thriving towns of Schwaz offered for painters create the proper environment for its activities.
Portrait painters created numerous works, but also sacred image issues are part of his oeuvre. He was first mentioned in 1510 in a document as a portrait painter of two works of Mary of Burgundy, which he had made on behalf of Maximilian I.. His clients have included the Habsburg court in Innsbruck and Schwaz merchants, especially the Fuggers. At least three times he has later Ferdinand I and portrays four times Anna of Bohemia and Hungary.
By Anton Fugger three different portrait versions are handed down. Painter Sigmund image of Dietrich Stein ( * 1480), a favorite of Emperor Maximilian, is the oldest of its traditional portraits. It is believed to have originated around 1517. The last work is Matthew Black (1497-1574, 1541 ennobled by Emperor Charles V ). , The Financial Director of Fugger in Augsburg, from the year 1526 painter presents him with a lute playing dar. This action representation is unique in the surviving works. The works convey the contemporary use of art. The sounds attribute indicates the range of humanistic education of the illustrated.
Research expiry
After the painter 's death, the artist was forgotten. His works have been attributed to other artists or were considered anonymous. Only at the end of the 19th century, the exploration of his work began.
The art historian Ludwig Scheibler discovered in 1887 the manuscript of this artist and found out that painting is not to be confused with the father of Lucas Cranach the Elder, Hans also a painter, lived and was about the same time. To this end, Scheibler was due to his research prove not only the spatial distance between the two artists, but clearly assign the far more significant works of Ulm and later Tyrolean Hans Maler this especially. Similar results were also independent of the Scheibler but in the same theme researching Robert Vischer. The Austrian art historian Stefan Krause leads to this, the corresponding evidence Scheiblerstrasse and Vischer in his dissertation on "The portraits of Hans Maler - Studies on Early Modern able portrait" of 2008 clearly evident on.
In 1891, painter Theodor Frimmel has been localized for the first time and later, 1895 /97 Max Jakob Friedländer characterized his oeuvre. Approximately 26 portraits were around 1929 in public and private collections in Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Augsburg, Weimar, Wörlitz, Darmstadt, Ravensburg, London, New York City, Paris, Rotterdam, Bordeaux, Rome, Rovereto and Rovigo. In 1905 succeeded the art historian Gustav happiness based on the signature on the back of the portrait Anton Fugger, 1524: HANS PAINTER PAINTER OF ULM ZVO chattering identification of the artist's name. A year later published luck the only traditional document, a letter from Hans painter to Queen Anne, who had given him ten portraits commissioned.
In his dissertation research on the portrait painter Hans rendered in 2008, Stefan Krause detection of 40 portraits, which are located in Europe and the USA.
Signature
Hans Maler has four of his traditional works signed. His signatures are: HM MTS Hans Maler painter to Schwaz, HM and HANS PAINTER PAINTER OF ULM ACR SCHWAZ.
Style
His works illustrate the contemporary style of portraiture. Hans Dauchers (around 1485-1538 ) Medallion representation of a profile portrait bust with base became a popular template. Hans Maler Schwaz to put this type in 1520 with his portrait of Anna Regina one. Just put the portrait painter, a type formed by Albrecht Dürer in 1519 at his pictures Emperor Maximilian I and Jakob Fugger the state portraits. This is illustrated by his paintings Anton Fugger and Anna Jagiellonica. The dignity of the sitter is illustrated by a concentrated on the essentials playback.
In his self-portrait of 1498 painter chooses a similar seating position and posture, but in mirror image and in front of a view of a landscape. The image works painter also provide an insight into the history of costume, could be read on the under -designed in 1497 and in 1530 approved dress code, the RPO ( National Police Procedure), the social status. Emperor Maximilian I used for propaganda purposes the portraits. The Hofbildnis testified individualization and idealization. Painter pictures gave its appearance again and were honored as his person. The physiognomies were reproduced according to the status.
For portraits it act are mostly Büsten-Porträts/Brustporträts or shoulder pieces and half-figures - portraits with neutral polychrome background, the lightening down. Hans Maler style is related to Bernhard Striegel. Detail and linear style of painting characterize his works. Handed down is a profile portrait, otherwise its presentation is usually in half profile.
Reception
His portrait bust of a beardless 33 - year-old man from 1521 graced a mirror image of the 500 mark note of the third series. If it is his self-portrait, painter Hans was born in 1488.
500 DM bill
Works (selection)
Portraits
Anna Jagiellonica
Archduke Ferdinand
Beardless man, inscription. THAN YOU. 1521. ZALT. WHAT I. 33 IAR ALT.
Anton Fugger
Anton Fugger. Ann: . Survey in 1526 prior to the Count, Paris, Philadelphia
Sacred works
- Holy Kinship, painting, Schloss Sigmaringen
Painting for the apostle altar of the Franciscan church ( consecrated in 1515 ) to Schwaz:
- Martyrdom of the Apostle Jude Thaddeus attributed, Blackboard, Tratzberg in Schwaz
- Martyrdom of the Apostle Paul, dsgl.
- Martyrdom of the Apostle Andrew, train. , Blackboard, Germanic National Museum, Nuremberg
- Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew, dsgl.