Haplochromis

Haplochromis latifasciatus from the Lake Kyoga.

Haplochromis ( Gr. haplos = easy = Chromis species of reef fishes, in the past also cichlids have been described ) is that species scientifically described with over 200, the largest genus of cichlids ( Cichlidae ). They live in East and North Africa ( Nile), mainly in the area of the Great African grave breach, from the Jordan Valley to Lake Malawi, distribution focus is the Victoria and its tributaries. Many Haplochromis species of Lake Victoria are threatened by the introduced Nile perch from the people (Lates niloticus ) in its portfolio at risk of extinction or even extinct. About how wide or narrow the genus should be taken, there is disagreement among experts. Greenwood split their Haplochromis into different genres. Through the description of new species and later found numerous undescribed, proved the splittings as partially useless, which is why it is rejected by some scientists to a redefinition. Other authors have subsequently revised some of Greenwood'schen genera or even new created ( Lithochromis, Mbipia, Pundamilia ). Lippitsch (2003) was found in one case no suitable genus and new species has been described in Haplochromis, but the generic name in quotes.

Features

Haplochromis species are 7-27 centimeters long, their tail ends cut straight, rounded or slightly emarginate. Male Haplochromis in Balzstimmung are intensely colored, sometimes very colorful and thus differ significantly from the usually gray or brown -colored females. In the anal fin wear the males eggspots that are surrounded by a transparent edge. In the females the eggspots are smaller, their number is small, they can be absent. The transparent frame is always missing.

The Haplochromis mentioned partly in Kenya Furu in Tanzania and Uganda Mbipi Enkejje or Oroy and closely related genera of the Lake Victoria catchment, developed different mouth shapes and types of teeth and fit thus accommodate different food sources. A distinction is made up to 15 different trophic groups:

• Fish -eater ( piscivorous ), eat them all, adult fish and not just parts ( scales, fins) or eggs and larvae ( Pädophage )
• Algae eater ( distinction in algae grazers and Phytoplanktonfresser )
• Leaf eaters ( herbivores )
• Insectivores ( Insectivore )
• Fry eater ( Pädophagen )
• Snail eaters ( distinction in snails cracker and peeler )
• Zooplanktonfresser ( Zooplanctivore )
• Crustacean eater ( distinction in shrimp and crab -eater )
• Mud Sieber ( detritivores )
• Parasite eater ( cleaner fish )
• Shed eater ( Scale Eater)
• Fin biters

Reproduction

All Haplochromis species are mouth brooders. The males are polygamous. Before mating, the male often prepares a pit in the ground waters for spawning. With fluttering movements in which especially provided with the anal fin egg spots is presented, it is courting the female. During and immediately after spawning, the female takes the eggs, sometimes even before fertilization in the mouth. The eggs are present in the mouth only inseminated when the female snaps at the egg spots on the anal fin of the male, it ejects the sperm. The young hatch, depending on species and water temperature, after 15 to 25 days and are left to their own species-specific or even guarded several days and then at risk at night and resumed the mouth.

Species

Originally over 400 species have been recorded to the genus Haplochromis, including many endemic species of Lake Malawi. After the spin-off of this and other species yet 220 species are currently classified in the genus Haplochromis, according to Fishbase. However, the FishBase list lags the publications often afterwards:

• Haplochromis acidens Greenwood, 1967
• Haplochromis adolphifrederici ( Boulenger, 1914)
• Haplochromis aelocephalus Greenwood, 1959
• Haplochromis aeneocolor Greenwood, 1973
• Haplochromis akika Lippitsch, 2003
• Haplochromis albertianus Regan, 1929
• Haplochromis altigenis Regan, 1922
• Haplochromis ampullarostratus Schraml, 2004
• Haplochromis angustifrons Boulenger, 1914
• Haplochromis annectidens Trewavas, 1933
• Haplochromis antleter Mietes & Witte, 2010
• Haplochromis apogonoides Greenwood, 1967
• Haplochromis arcanus Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis maxime de Zeeuw, Westbroek & Witte, 2013 Haplochromis maxime
• Haplochromis argenteus Regan, 1922
• Haplochromis artaxerxes Greenwood, 1962
• Haplochromis astatodon Regan, 1921
• Haplochromis avium Regan, 1929
• Haplochromis azurea Seehausen & Lippitsch, 1998
• Haplochromis Bakongo Thys van den Audenaerde, 1964
• Haplochromis barbarae Greenwood, 1967
• Haplochromis Bareli van Oijen, 1991
• Haplochromis Bartoni Greenwood, 1962
• Haplochromis bayoni ( Boulenger, 1909)
• Haplochromis beadlei Trewavas, 1933
• Haplochromis bloyeti ( Sauvage, 1883)
• Haplochromis boops Greenwood, 1967
• Haplochromis brownae Greenwood, 1962
• Haplochromis bullatus Trewavas, 1938
• Haplochromis bwathondii Niemantsverdriet & Witte, 2010
• Haplochromis burtoni ( Günther, 1894)
• Haplochromis cassius Greenwood & Barel, 1978
• Haplochromis cavifrons ( Hilgendorf, 1888)
• Haplochromis Chilotes ( Boulenger, 1911)
• Haplochromis chlorochrous Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis chromogynos Greenwood, 1959
• Haplochromis chrysogynaion van Oijen, 1991
• Haplochromis cinctus Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis cinereus ( Boulenger, 1906)
• Haplochromis cnester Witte & Witte - Maas, 1981
• Haplochromis commutabilis Schraml, 2004 Haplochromis commutabilis from the Kachirasee ( Koki lakes).
• Haplochromis coprologus Niemantsverdriet & Witte, 2010
• Haplochromis crassilabris Boulenger, 1906
• Haplochromis crebridens Snoeks, de Vos, Coenen & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1990
• Haplochromis crocopeplus Greenwood & Barel, 1978
• Haplochromis cronus Greenwood, 1959
• Haplochromis cryptodon Greenwood, 1959
• Haplochromis Cryptogramma Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis cyaneus Seehausen, Bouton & Zwennes, 1998
• Haplochromis decticostoma Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis demeusii ( Boulenger, 1899)
• Haplochromis dentex Regan, 1922
• Haplochromis desfontainii ( Lacepede, 1802)
• Haplochromis dichrourus Regan, 1922
• Haplochromis diplotaenia Regan & Trewavas, 1928
• Haplochromis dolichorhynchus Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis dolorosus Trewavas, 1933
• Haplochromis eduardii Regan, 1921
• Haplochromis elegans Trewavas, 1933
• Haplochromis empodisma Greenwood, 1960
• Haplochromis engystoma Trewavas, 1933
• Haplochromis erythrocephalus Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis erythromaculatus De Vos, Snoeks & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1991
• Haplochromis estor Regan, 1929
• Haplochromis exspectatus Schraml, 2004
• Haplochromis eutaenia Regan & Trewavas, 1928
• Haplochromis fasciatus (Perugia, 1892)
• Haplochromis fischeri Seegers, 2008
• Haplochromis flaviijosephi ( Lortet, 1883)
• Haplochromis flavipinnis ( Boulenger, 1906)
• Haplochromis flavus Seehausen, Zwennes & Lippitsch in Seehausen & al., 1998
• Haplochromis fuelleborni ( Hilgendorf & Pappenheim, 1903)
• Haplochromis fuscus Regan, 1925
• Haplochromis fusiform Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis gigliolii ( Pfeffer, 1896)
• Haplochromis gilberti Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis goldschmidti de Zeeuw, Westbroek & Witte, 2013 Haplochromis goldschmidti
• Haplochromis gowersii Trewavas, 1928
• Haplochromis gracilior Boulenger, 1914
• Haplochromis granti Boulenger, 1906
• Haplochromis graueri Boulenger, 1914
• Haplochromis guiarti ( Pellegrin, 1904)
• Haplochromis harpakteridion van Oijen, 1991
• Haplochromis heusinkveldi Witte & Witte - Maas, 1987
• Haplochromis hiatus Hoogerhoud & Witte, 1981
• Haplochromis horei ( Günther, 1894)
• Haplochromis howesi van Oijen, 1992
• Haplochromis humilior ( Boulenger, 1911)
• Haplochromis humilis ( Steindachner, 1866)
• Haplochromis igneopinnis Seehausen & Lippitsch, 1998
• Haplochromis insidiae Snoeks, 1994
• Haplochromis iris Hoogerhoud & Witte, 1981
• Haplochromis ishmaeli Boulenger, 1906
• Haplochromis kamiranzovu Snoeks, Coenen & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1984
• Haplochromis Katavi Seegers, 1996
• Haplochromis Katonga Schraml & Tichy, 2010
• Haplochromis katunzii ter Huurne & Witte, 2010
• Haplochromis kujunjui van Oijen, 1991
• Haplochromis labiatus Trewavas, 1933
• Haplochromis labriformis ( Nichols & La Monte, 1938)
• Haplochromis lacrimosus ( Boulenger, 1906)
• Haplochromis laparogramma Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis latifasciatus Regan, 1929
• Haplochromis limax Trewavas, 1933
• Haplochromis lividus Greenwood, 1956
• Haplochromis loati Greenwood, 1971
• Haplochromis longirostris ( Hilgendorf, 1888)
• Haplochromis lucullae ( Boulenger, 1913)
• Haplochromis luluae ( Fowler, 1930)
• Haplochromis macconneli Greenwood, 1974
• Haplochromis macrocephalus Seehausen & Bouton, 1998
• Haplochromis Macrognathus Regan, 1922
• Haplochromis macrops ( Boulenger, 1911)
• Haplochromis macropsoides Greenwood, 1973
• Haplochromis maculipinna ( Pellegrin, 1913)
• Haplochromis mahagiensis David & Poll, 1937
• Haplochromis maisomei van Oijen, 1991
• Haplochromis malacophagus Poll & Damas, 1939
• Haplochromis mandibular Greenwood, 1962
• Haplochromis martini ( Boulenger, 1906)
• Haplochromis maxillary Trewavas, 1928
• Haplochromis megalops Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis melanopterus Trewavas, 1928
• Haplochromis melanopus Regan, 1922
• Haplochromis melichrous Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis mentatus Regan, 1925
• Haplochromis mento Regan, 1922
• Haplochromis michaeli Trewavas, 1928
• Haplochromis microchrysomelas Snoeks, 1994
• Haplochromis microdon ( Boulenger, 1906)
• Haplochromis moeruensis ( Boulenger, 1899)
• Haplochromis multiocellatus ( Boulenger, 1913)
• Haplochromis murakoze Coenen, Snoeks & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1984
• Haplochromis mylergates Greenwood & Barel, 1978
• Haplochromis Mylodon Greenwood, 1973
• Haplochromis nanoserranus Greenwood & Barel, 1978
• Haplochromis nigrescens ( Pellegrin, 1909)
• Haplochromis nigripinnis Regan, 1921
• Haplochromis nigroides ( Pellegrin, 1928)
• Haplochromis niloticus Greenwood, 1960
• Haplochromis nubilus ( Boulenger, 1906)
• Haplochromis nuchisquamulatus ( Hilgendorf, 1888)
• Haplochromis nyanzae Greenwood, 1962
• Haplochromis nyererei Witte - Maas & Witte, 1985 Nyererei Haplochromis from Lake Victoria
• Haplochromis obesus ( Boulenger, 1906)
• Haplochromis obliquidens ( Hilgendorf, 1888)
• Haplochromis obtusidens Trewavas, 1928
• Haplochromis occultidens Snoeks, 1988
• Haplochromis oligacanthus Regan, 1922
• Haplochromis oligolepis Lippitsch, 2003
• Haplochromis olivaceus Snoeks, de Vos, Coenen & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1990
• Haplochromis oregosoma Greenwood, 1973
• Haplochromis pachycephalus Greenwood, 1967
• Haplochromis pallidus ( Boulenger, 1911)
• Haplochromis pancitrinus Mietes & Witte, 2010
• Haplochromis pappenheimi ( Boulenger, 1914)
• Haplochromis paraguiarti Greenwood, 1967
• Haplochromis paraplagiostoma Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis paropius Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis parvidens ( Boulenger, 1911)
• Haplochromis paucidens Regan, 1921
• Haplochromis pectoralis ( Pfeffer, 1893)
• Haplochromis pellegrini Regan, 1922
• Haplochromis percoides Boulenger, 1906
• Haplochromis perrieri ( Pellegrin, 1909)
• Haplochromis petronius Greenwood, 1973
• Haplochromis pharyngalis Poll & Damas, 1939
• Haplochromis pharyngomylus Regan, 1929
• Haplochromis phytophagus Greenwood, 1966
• Haplochromis piceatus Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis pitmani Fowler, 1936
• Haplochromis Placodus Poll & Damas, 1939
• Haplochromis plagiodon Regan & Trewavas, 1928
• Haplochromis Plagiostoma Regan, 1922
• Haplochromis plutonius Greenwood & Barel, 1978
• Haplochromis polli Thys van den Audenaerde, 1964
• Haplochromis prodromus Trewavas, 1935
• Haplochromis prognathus ( Pellegrin, 1904)
• Haplochromis pseudopellegrini Greenwood, 1967
• Haplochromis ptistes Greenwood & Barel, 1978
• Haplochromis Pundamilia Seehausen & Bouton, 1998 Pundamilia Haplochromis from Lake Victoria.
• Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus Witte & Witte - Maas, 1987
• Haplochromis pyrrhopteryx van Oijen, 1991
• Haplochromis riponianus ( Boulenger, 1911)
• Haplochromis rubescens Snoeks, 1994
• Haplochromis rudolfianus Trewavas, 1933
• Haplochromis sauvagei ( Pfeffer, 1896) Male Haplochromis sauvagei from Lake Victoria.
• Haplochromis saxicola Greenwood, 1960
• Haplochromis scheffersi Snoeks, de Vos & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987
• Haplochromis schubotzi Boulenger, 1914
• Haplochromis schubotziellus Greenwood, 1973
• Haplochromis schwetzi Poll, 1967
• Haplochromis serranus ( Pfeffer, 1896)
• Haplochromis serridens Regan, 1925
• Haplochromis simpsoni Greenwood, 1965
• Haplochromis smithii ( Castelnau, 1861)
• Haplochromis snoeksi Wamuini Lunkayilakio & Vreven, 2010
• Haplochromis spekii ( Boulenger, 1906)
• Haplochromis sphex ter Huurne & Witte, 2010
• Haplochromis squamipinnis Regan, 1921
• Haplochromis squamulatus Regan, 1922
• Haplochromis stappersii Poll, 1943
• Haplochromis stigmatogenys ( Boulenger, 1913)
• Haplochromis sulphureus Greenwood & Barel, 1978
• Haplochromis swynnertoni ( Boulenger, 1907)
• Haplochromis tanaos van Oijen & Witte, 1996
• Haplochromis taurinus Trewavas, 1933
• Haplochromis teegelaari Greenwood & Barel, 1978
• Haplochromis teunisrasi Witte & Witte - Maas, 1981
• Haplochromis theliodon Greenwood, 1960
• Haplochromis thereuterion van Oijen & Witte, 1996 Thereuterion Haplochromis from Lake Victoria
• Haplochromis thuragnathus Greenwood, 1967
• Haplochromis toddi ( Boulenger, 1905)
• Haplochromis tridens Regan & Trewavas, 1928
• Haplochromis turkanae Greenwood, 1974
• Haplochromis tweddlei (Jackson, 1985)
• Haplochromis tyrianthinus Greenwood & Gee, 1969
• Haplochromis vanoijeni de Zeeuw & Witte, 2010
• Haplochromis velifer Trewavas, 1933
• Haplochromis venator Greenwood, 1965
• Haplochromis vicarius Trewavas, 1933
• Haplochromis victorianus ( Pellegrin, 1904)
• Haplochromis vittatus ( Boulenger, 1901) Vonlinnei Haplochromis from Lake Victoria
• Haplochromis vonlinnei Van Oijen & De Zeeuw, 2008
• Haplochromis wellcommei Greenwood, 1966
• Haplochromis wingatii ( Boulenger, 1902)
• Haplochromis worthing toni Regan, 1929
• Haplochromis xenognathus Greenwood, 1957
• Haplochromis xenostoma Regan, 1922

In addition to the recognized species, there are many undescribed forms, which are called among aquarists with trivial names such as Haplochromis " Thick Skin " CH44.

Swell

• Günther Sterba: freshwater fish in the world, Urania - Verlag, 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4
• The great encyclopedia of aquarium. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9
• Goldschmidt, T. ( 1997): Darwin's Dream Lake. News from my research trip to Africa. Munich, C. H. Beck, 1997, ISBN 3-406-42881-9
• Witte, F. & Van Oijen, MJP (1990 ): Taxonomy, ecology and fishery of Lake Victoria haplochromine trophic groups. Zool. Ratio Leiden, 262: 1-47.